{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967213355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","title":"Are 90% of deaths from cancer caused by metastases?","display_name":"Are 90% of deaths from cancer caused by metastases?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967213355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","mag":"2967213355","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31397113","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6745820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cam4.2474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cam4.2474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754843627","display_name":"Cancer Medicine","issn_l":"2045-7634","issn":["2045-7634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cam4.2474","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015901819","display_name":"Hanna Dillek\u00e5s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanna Dillek\u00e5s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011470323","display_name":"Michael S. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-8434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-8434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013109928","display_name":"Oddbj\u00f8rn Straume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-3645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-3645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800740805","display_name":"Haukeland University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03np4e098","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oddbj\u00f8rn Straume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015901819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":39.083,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":941,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99874168,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"5574","last_page":"5576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.15800000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13437","display_name":"Mechanisms of cancer metastasis","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-metastases","display_name":"cancer metastases","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-tumors","display_name":"solid tumors","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastatic-cancer","display_name":"metastatic cancer","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-death","display_name":"causes of death","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-registry-of-norway","display_name":"Cancer Registry of Norway","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7705389261245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.7253994345664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.5780534744262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.546749472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.5389254093170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.5357073545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.5263325572013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.500197172164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10679952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308937","display_name":"Druggability","level":3,"score":0.47937849164009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205885","display_name":"Causes of cancer","level":3,"score":0.459127277135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4167558550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.16078782081604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1595613658428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09442445635795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009362","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cam4.2474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cam4.2474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754843627","display_name":"Cancer Medicine","issn_l":"2045-7634","issn":["2045-7634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6745820","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6745820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31397113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31397113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/23787","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1956/23787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Medicine","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b0c7d7d19704d2ab950c859f7ad1222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b0c7d7d19704d2ab950c859f7ad1222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 12, Pp 5574-5576 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cam4.2474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cam4.2474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754843627","display_name":"Cancer Medicine","issn_l":"2045-7634","issn":["2045-7634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967213355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967213355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520425169","https://openalex.org/W2005034776","https://openalex.org/W2034269086","https://openalex.org/W2061933157","https://openalex.org/W2084867085","https://openalex.org/W2093921289","https://openalex.org/W2442550037","https://openalex.org/W2907533948","https://openalex.org/W2912508873","https://openalex.org/W4251890702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732445039","https://openalex.org/W4247072283","https://openalex.org/W2994236731","https://openalex.org/W2564456542","https://openalex.org/W4387046740","https://openalex.org/W7211393599","https://openalex.org/W3214573290","https://openalex.org/W2497477442","https://openalex.org/W3016202049","https://openalex.org/W4283026754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerous":[0],"publications":[1],"have":[2],"stated":[3],"that":[4,108],"metastases":[5,92,128],"are":[6,31,116],"responsible":[7],"for":[8,43],"90%":[9],"of":[10,28,41,65,86,111,124,127,131],"cancer":[11,29,59,87,147],"deaths,":[12],"but":[13],"data":[14,36,104],"underlying":[15],"this":[16],"assertion":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"lacking.":[20],"Our":[21,103],"objective":[22],"was":[23,47,61],"to":[24,145],"determine":[25],"what":[26],"proportions":[27],"deaths":[30,52,88,112],"caused":[32,68,117],"by":[33,69,77,118],"metastases.":[34,119],"Population-based":[35],"from":[37,113],"the":[38,44,54,106,109,125,138],"Cancer":[39],"Registry":[40],"Norway":[42],"years":[45],"2005-2015":[46],"analyzed.":[48],"We":[49],"compared":[50],"all":[51],"in":[53,135],"Norwegian":[55],"population":[56],"where":[57],"a":[58,94,121,142],"diagnosis":[60],"registered":[62,90],"as":[63,93],"cause":[64],"death.":[66],"Deaths":[67],"cancer,":[70],"with":[71,91],"and":[72,79,129],"without":[73],"metastases,":[74],"were":[75,89],"analyzed,":[76],"sex":[78],"tumor":[80,101],"group.":[81],"For":[82],"solid":[83,114],"tumors,":[84],"66.7%":[85],"contributing":[95],"cause.":[96],"Proportions":[97],"varied":[98],"substantially":[99],"between":[100],"groups.":[102],"support":[105],"idea":[107],"majority":[110],"tumors":[115],"Thus,":[120],"better":[122],"understanding":[123],"biology":[126],"identification":[130],"druggable":[132],"targets":[133],"involved":[134],"growth":[136],"at":[137],"metastatic":[139],"site":[140],"is":[141],"promising":[143],"strategy":[144],"reduce":[146],"mortality.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":151},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}