{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966476509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","title":"Environmental vs. Social Responsibility in the Firm. Evidence from Italy","display_name":"Environmental vs. Social Responsibility in the Firm. Evidence from Italy","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966476509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","mag":"2966476509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11164277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4277/pdf?version=1565863630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4277/pdf?version=1565863630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062257564","display_name":"Giovanni Ferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-7098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-7098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128649747","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Maria SS. Assunta","ror":"https://ror.org/02d8v0v24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Ferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Economics, Policy and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, Via Pompeo Magno 22, 00192 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-7098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Economics, Policy and Modern Languages, LUMSA University, Via Pompeo Magno 22, 00192 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062094337","display_name":"Marco Pini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-6932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-6932"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unioncamere, Italian Union of the Chambers of Commerce, Via Nerva 1, 00187 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unioncamere, Italian Union of the Chambers of Commerce, Via Nerva 1, 00187 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062257564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128649747"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":7.3082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96458585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"16","first_page":"4277","last_page":"4277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13603","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"corporate social responsibility","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-responsibility","display_name":"environmental responsibility","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-investment","display_name":"green investment","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-competitiveness","display_name":"enterprise competitiveness","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-firms","display_name":"Italian firms","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.8290291428565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.722590446472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.7066330909729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.6864964962005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5456333160400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5440797209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.49940919876098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4870472252368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4375458359718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.42504602670669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3969864845275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.355437695980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.18665966391563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11806750297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07971584796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11164277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4277/pdf?version=1565863630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:16:p:4277-:d:255614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4277/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a1071d3c6e54857af925b792ce5b22a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a1071d3c6e54857af925b792ce5b22a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 16, p 4277 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11164277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4277/pdf?version=1565863630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966476509.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966476509.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63725853","https://openalex.org/W1425874624","https://openalex.org/W1492929016","https://openalex.org/W1531225860","https://openalex.org/W1570479381","https://openalex.org/W1572719355","https://openalex.org/W1577036534","https://openalex.org/W1581365581","https://openalex.org/W1588984239","https://openalex.org/W1606759772","https://openalex.org/W1837063324","https://openalex.org/W1880387108","https://openalex.org/W1964700437","https://openalex.org/W1965768567","https://openalex.org/W1976215428","https://openalex.org/W1976953521","https://openalex.org/W1981286835","https://openalex.org/W1982058941","https://openalex.org/W1986425440","https://openalex.org/W1988137194","https://openalex.org/W1989269795","https://openalex.org/W1991305985","https://openalex.org/W1993668534","https://openalex.org/W1995183170","https://openalex.org/W1996111496","https://openalex.org/W2001101778","https://openalex.org/W2001568969","https://openalex.org/W2001604446","https://openalex.org/W2013536193","https://openalex.org/W2022868526","https://openalex.org/W2030975834","https://openalex.org/W2036604521","https://openalex.org/W2038138989","https://openalex.org/W2041685670","https://openalex.org/W2042713211","https://openalex.org/W2043062658","https://openalex.org/W2047735993","https://openalex.org/W2049492865","https://openalex.org/W2050335698","https://openalex.org/W2054649523","https://openalex.org/W2055541284","https://openalex.org/W2064887724","https://openalex.org/W2069668684","https://openalex.org/W2072693498","https://openalex.org/W2075431913","https://openalex.org/W2081668883","https://openalex.org/W2083485815","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2086665081","https://openalex.org/W2090841340","https://openalex.org/W2093769053","https://openalex.org/W2097628222","https://openalex.org/W2098935104","https://openalex.org/W2105146505","https://openalex.org/W2107570961","https://openalex.org/W2115411234","https://openalex.org/W2119185029","https://openalex.org/W2119790963","https://openalex.org/W2128202217","https://openalex.org/W2128264241","https://openalex.org/W2129658695","https://openalex.org/W2146006314","https://openalex.org/W2148044183","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2158286266","https://openalex.org/W2159221450","https://openalex.org/W2159759833","https://openalex.org/W2160404139","https://openalex.org/W2162412465","https://openalex.org/W2167849824","https://openalex.org/W2281236744","https://openalex.org/W2340562015","https://openalex.org/W2356103103","https://openalex.org/W2407064033","https://openalex.org/W2510188127","https://openalex.org/W2528528252","https://openalex.org/W2550466255","https://openalex.org/W2601858286","https://openalex.org/W2777691240","https://openalex.org/W2781515864","https://openalex.org/W2914313517","https://openalex.org/W3023108121","https://openalex.org/W3121251416","https://openalex.org/W3121539683","https://openalex.org/W3122190505","https://openalex.org/W3122419293","https://openalex.org/W3123534837","https://openalex.org/W3125524745","https://openalex.org/W3125933766","https://openalex.org/W3125991440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098840201","https://openalex.org/W634010463","https://openalex.org/W2242278362","https://openalex.org/W2110941844","https://openalex.org/W3042344946","https://openalex.org/W2918092741","https://openalex.org/W7048617098","https://openalex.org/W2052891027","https://openalex.org/W2374459402","https://openalex.org/W3119326855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustainable":[0],"behavior":[1],"should":[2,142,186],"necessarily":[3],"benefit":[4,27],"both":[5],"the":[6,32,34,79,137,148,173,177,191],"environment":[7],"and":[8,54,85,129],"society.":[9],"However,":[10],"we":[11],"cannot":[12],"take":[13],"for":[14,57,181],"granted":[15],"that":[16,163],"socially":[17,97],"responsible":[18,40,98],"firms":[19,164],"are":[20],"also":[21,161],"environmentally":[22,39],"responsible\u2014e.g.,":[23],"a":[24,58,68,114,144],"firm":[25,41,89],"might":[26,42],"its":[28,44],"stakeholders":[29],"while":[30],"degrading":[31],"environment\u2014and":[33],"reverse":[35],"applies":[36],"too\u2014e.g.,":[37],"an":[38],"disrespect":[43],"employees.":[45],"Consequently,":[46],"our":[47,75],"purpose":[48],"is":[49],"checking":[50],"whether":[51],"social":[52,83,128],"responsibility":[53,84,131,193],"green":[55,86,107,111],"investments\u2014proxying":[56],"firm\u2019s":[59],"environmental":[60,130,157],"responsibility\u2014are":[61],"complements,":[62],"substitutes,":[63],"or":[64],"unrelated":[65],"choices.":[66],"Using":[67],"representative":[69],"sample":[70],"of":[71,94,151,176],"Italian":[72],"manufacturing":[73],"firms,":[74],"econometric":[76],"estimates":[77],"uncover":[78],"empirical":[80],"relationship":[81],"between":[82,127],"investments":[87,112],"at":[88],"level.":[90],"We":[91],"find":[92],"evidence":[93,160],"complementarity,":[95],"since":[96],"firms:":[99],"(i)":[100],"Are":[101],"systematically":[102],"more":[103,121],"likely":[104],"to":[105,139,167],"make":[106],"investments;":[108],"(ii)":[109],"identify":[110],"as":[113],"voluntary":[115],"choice":[116],"promoting":[117],"business":[118],"competitiveness":[119],"much":[120],"than":[122],"other":[123],"firms.":[124],"Finding":[125],"complementarity":[126],"has":[132],"important":[133],"implications.":[134],"Policies":[135],"favoring":[136],"transition":[138],"sustainable":[140,182],"development":[141],"adopt":[143],"systemic":[145],"approach":[146,175],"considering":[147],"positive":[149],"spillovers":[150],"Corporate":[152],"Social":[153],"Responsibility":[154],"(CSR)":[155],"on":[156],"responsibility.":[158],"Our":[159],"suggests":[162],"indeed":[165],"tend":[166],"behave":[168],"in":[169],"ways":[170],"consistent":[171],"with":[172],"holistic":[174],"2030":[178],"UN":[179],"Agenda":[180],"development.":[183],"Additional":[184],"research":[185],"study":[187],"how":[188],"governance":[189],"affects":[190],"CSR\u2013environmental":[192],"nexus.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}
