{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966229844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","title":"Effects of an extracurricular science intervention on elementary school children's epistemic beliefs: A randomized controlled trial","display_name":"Effects of an extracurricular science intervention on elementary school children's epistemic beliefs: A randomized controlled trial","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966229844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","mag":"2966229844","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353458","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7317376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/bjep.12301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bjep.12301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96095673","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0007-0998","issn":["0007-0998","2044-8279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bjep.12301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033188670","display_name":"Julia Schiefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-9237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-9237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julia Schiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-9237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012180185","display_name":"Jessika Golle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-7079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-7079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessika Golle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056801604","display_name":"Maike Tibus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9555-0379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9555-0379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maike Tibus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066801724","display_name":"Evelin Herbein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-9308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-9308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evelin Herbein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058578941","display_name":"Verena Gindele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0029-6695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0029-6695","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-3474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Verena Gindele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086577266","display_name":"Ulrich Trautwein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-0057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-0057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Trautwein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054185737","display_name":"Kerstin Oschatz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Oschatz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033188670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":8.8971,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97759213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"2","first_page":"382","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12887","display_name":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","score":0.7529000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12887","display_name":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","score":0.7529000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.24549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-beliefs","display_name":"epistemological beliefs","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-curiosity","display_name":"epistemic curiosity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investigative-interest","display_name":"investigative interest","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inquiry-based-learning","display_name":"inquiry-based learning","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.7613099813461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.7579354047775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6908860802650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.60272216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4205259382724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.40681710839271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28477779030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.27152740955352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08396077156066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002657","descriptor_name":"Child Development","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005106","descriptor_name":"Exploratory Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013850","descriptor_name":"Thinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/bjep.12301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bjep.12301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96095673","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0007-0998","issn":["0007-0998","2044-8279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7317376","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7317376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Br J Educ Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31353458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of educational psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/bjep.12301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12301","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bjep.12301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96095673","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0007-0998","issn":["0007-0998","2044-8279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1632597368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GSC 1028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331321","funder_display_name":"Hector Stiftung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331321","display_name":"Hector Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/0427ycx88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331822","display_name":"Hector Stiftung II","ror":"https://ror.org/05jwkgv16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966229844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966229844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27444024","https://openalex.org/W176744934","https://openalex.org/W245602322","https://openalex.org/W1574046838","https://openalex.org/W1575680169","https://openalex.org/W1617412188","https://openalex.org/W1678553002","https://openalex.org/W1790363903","https://openalex.org/W1973897901","https://openalex.org/W1982943629","https://openalex.org/W1987257076","https://openalex.org/W1987328826","https://openalex.org/W1987803162","https://openalex.org/W1996701899","https://openalex.org/W1999257446","https://openalex.org/W1999506250","https://openalex.org/W2001146132","https://openalex.org/W2002721484","https://openalex.org/W2005828999","https://openalex.org/W2008023699","https://openalex.org/W2019003714","https://openalex.org/W2024816145","https://openalex.org/W2028489045","https://openalex.org/W2028871521","https://openalex.org/W2031621135","https://openalex.org/W2036470497","https://openalex.org/W2036608961","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2045040588","https://openalex.org/W2046654756","https://openalex.org/W2050485610","https://openalex.org/W2054130646","https://openalex.org/W2069294224","https://openalex.org/W2074243449","https://openalex.org/W2078448341","https://openalex.org/W2080840857","https://openalex.org/W2083950468","https://openalex.org/W2086437402","https://openalex.org/W2093371949","https://openalex.org/W2095643374","https://openalex.org/W2097591633","https://openalex.org/W2100041205","https://openalex.org/W2106673840","https://openalex.org/W2108696783","https://openalex.org/W2114684950","https://openalex.org/W2114994015","https://openalex.org/W2117238596","https://openalex.org/W2120505601","https://openalex.org/W2130396572","https://openalex.org/W2139559367","https://openalex.org/W2150060517","https://openalex.org/W2153238962","https://openalex.org/W2156267802","https://openalex.org/W2167997731","https://openalex.org/W2327593594","https://openalex.org/W2399135525","https://openalex.org/W2475581768","https://openalex.org/W2477745420","https://openalex.org/W2498500406","https://openalex.org/W2514822726","https://openalex.org/W2536212761","https://openalex.org/W2769334408","https://openalex.org/W2772482154","https://openalex.org/W2793849154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292843486","https://openalex.org/W2106673840","https://openalex.org/W2979423896","https://openalex.org/W3204928490","https://openalex.org/W2762941604","https://openalex.org/W1879583817","https://openalex.org/W3109827043","https://openalex.org/W1622771117","https://openalex.org/W2378007445","https://openalex.org/W2750724926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Further":[1],"developing":[2,51],"students'":[3,85],"thinking":[4],"about":[5],"knowledge":[6],"and":[7,41,57,100,142,173,208,225],"knowing":[8],"in":[9,21,46,97,113,120,222],"science":[10,19,47],"(epistemic":[11],"beliefs)":[12],"is":[13,212],"considered":[14],"a":[15,43,114,133,138,174,230],"normative":[16],"goal":[17,33],"of":[18,34,128,147,177,205],"education":[20,48],"many":[22],"countries":[23],"around":[24],"the":[25,35,126,129,148,162,166,181,185,203,206],"world,":[26],"even":[27],"for":[28,83,202,233],"elementary-school-aged":[29],"children.":[30],"AIMS:":[31],"The":[32,60,145,158,197,227],"present":[36],"study":[37,228],"was":[38,150],"to":[39,165,184,214],"introduce":[40],"evaluate":[42],"new":[44],"intervention":[45,61,130,149,167,189,207],"aimed":[49],"at":[50],"children's":[52],"epistemic":[53,55,72,86,171,178,216,239],"beliefs,":[54],"curiosity,":[56],"investigative":[58,194],"interests.":[59,195],"included":[62],"an":[63],"inquiry-based":[64],"learning":[65],"approach":[66],"as":[67,69,80],"well":[68],"reflections":[70],"on":[71,193],"issues":[73],"because":[74],"these":[75],"methods":[76],"are":[77],"currently":[78],"seen":[79],"most":[81],"promising":[82],"fostering":[84],"beliefs.":[87,240],"SAMPLE:":[88],"Data":[89],"were":[90,191],"collected":[91],"from":[92],"65":[93],"elementary":[94,219],"school":[95,220],"children":[96,163,182,221,237],"Grades":[98,223],"3":[99,224],"4":[101],"(58.46%":[102],"boys,":[103],"age:":[104],"M":[105],"=":[106,109],"8.73,":[107],"SD":[108],"0.60)":[110],"who":[111],"participated":[112],"voluntary":[115],"extracurricular":[116],"STEM":[117],"enrichment":[118],"programme":[119],"south-west":[121],"Germany.":[122],"METHODS:":[123],"We":[124],"investigated":[125],"effectiveness":[127,146,204],"by":[131],"applying":[132],"randomized":[134],"block":[135],"design":[136],"with":[137],"treated":[139],"control":[140,186],"group":[141],"repeated":[143],"measures.":[144],"analysed":[151],"via":[152],"multiple":[153],"linear":[154],"regression":[155],"analyses.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"results":[159,198],"indicated":[160],"that":[161,210],"assigned":[164,183],"developed":[168],"more":[169],"sophisticated":[170],"beliefs":[172,217],"higher":[175],"level":[176],"curiosity":[179],"than":[180],"condition.":[187],"No":[188],"effects":[190],"found":[192],"CONCLUSIONS:":[196],"provide":[199],"initial":[200],"evidence":[201],"demonstrate":[209],"it":[211],"possible":[213],"improve":[215],"among":[218],"4.":[226],"provides":[229],"starting":[231],"point":[232],"understanding":[234],"how":[235],"young":[236],"develop":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}