{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965891756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","title":"The Use of Phonetically Reduced Modals in Present-day English: A Corpus-Based Analysis","display_name":"The Use of Phonetically Reduced Modals in Present-day English: A Corpus-Based Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965891756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","mag":"2965891756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","pdf_url":"http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/article/download/749/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222280","display_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","issn_l":"2621-6485","issn":["2621-6485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319805","host_organization_name":"Ahmad Dahlan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ahmad Dahlan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/article/download/749/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008604479","display_name":"Ikmi Nur Oktavianti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-5208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-5208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2608206482","display_name":"Universitas Ahmad Dahlan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hn13397","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2608206482"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ikmi Nur Oktavianti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Ahmad Dahlan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Ahmad Dahlan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2608206482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008604479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2608206482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87813358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"134","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12373","display_name":"Linguistic research and analysis","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.04270000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/present-day-english","display_name":"contemporary English","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-of-use","display_name":"usage frequency","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colloquialization","display_name":"colloquialization","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociolinguistic-variation","display_name":"sociolinguistic variation","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-genres","display_name":"textual genres","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-vs-written-language","display_name":"written vs. spoken language","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-economy","display_name":"principle of economy","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corpus-of-contemporary-american-english","display_name":"Corpus of Contemporary American English","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48314727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560570","display_name":"Modal verb","level":3,"score":0.9575492143630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.752784013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6919732093811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4699445068836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777939226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7976","display_name":"American English","level":2,"score":0.45974618196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28519872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160845","display_name":"Sociolinguistics","level":2,"score":0.4586932063102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35549843311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2891438901424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.23286744952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12426280975341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","pdf_url":"http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/article/download/749/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222280","display_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","issn_l":"2621-6485","issn":["2621-6485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319805","host_organization_name":"Ahmad Dahlan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ahmad Dahlan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0384e9de11e4c22803283f7e8fa1eba","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0384e9de11e4c22803283f7e8fa1eba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v1i3.749","pdf_url":"http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/article/download/749/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222280","display_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","issn_l":"2621-6485","issn":["2621-6485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319805","host_organization_name":"Ahmad Dahlan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ahmad Dahlan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching Educational Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965891756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965891756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83230261","https://openalex.org/W411382560","https://openalex.org/W560912359","https://openalex.org/W562101998","https://openalex.org/W1038339583","https://openalex.org/W1483126227","https://openalex.org/W1501095784","https://openalex.org/W1507991737","https://openalex.org/W1512726032","https://openalex.org/W1520521215","https://openalex.org/W1547665374","https://openalex.org/W1556460509","https://openalex.org/W1585209305","https://openalex.org/W1604749688","https://openalex.org/W1996777018","https://openalex.org/W2062837929","https://openalex.org/W2086052357","https://openalex.org/W2086677051","https://openalex.org/W2162714669","https://openalex.org/W2246367026","https://openalex.org/W2327573098","https://openalex.org/W2482258867","https://openalex.org/W2483017976","https://openalex.org/W2585424987","https://openalex.org/W2900489859","https://openalex.org/W2960118423","https://openalex.org/W2994456815","https://openalex.org/W3005527738","https://openalex.org/W3013221563","https://openalex.org/W4205261652","https://openalex.org/W4214677725","https://openalex.org/W4214834786","https://openalex.org/W4241968963","https://openalex.org/W6600686690","https://openalex.org/W6635432611","https://openalex.org/W6647093125","https://openalex.org/W6666794919","https://openalex.org/W6828452936","https://openalex.org/W6999387099","https://openalex.org/W7029842614","https://openalex.org/W7037366951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3187336254","https://openalex.org/W7057050458","https://openalex.org/W1991189057","https://openalex.org/W2542643631","https://openalex.org/W2498714851","https://openalex.org/W2088287207","https://openalex.org/W277140187","https://openalex.org/W1914675079","https://openalex.org/W6992864793","https://openalex.org/W7061615724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,220],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,27,36,56,101,104,114,123,130,139,171,181,205,254,257,260],"usage":[4,65,172],"frequency":[5,66,173],"of":[6,29,47,58,67,73,80,106,110,116,132,151,174,201,207,238],"phonetically":[7,68,239,270],"reduced":[8,30,69,117,133,154,175,212,240],"modals":[9,31,70,118,134,155],"(i.e.":[10],"gonna,":[11],"wanna,":[12],"gotta)":[13],"in":[14,21,43,75,122,138,143,160,164,177,210,244,248],"Present-day":[15,59],"English.":[16,60],"It":[17],"is":[18,32,119,135,180,223,269],"assumed":[19],"that":[20],"distinct":[22],"sociolinguistic":[23],"and":[24,51,83,95,187,217,230,272],"discourse":[25],"contexts,":[26],"use":[28,115,131,206,232,237,268],"dynamic.":[33],"To":[34],"collect":[35],"data,":[37],"there":[38],"are":[39,156,214],"two":[40],"corpora":[41],"used":[42,159],"this":[44,111,199],"study,":[45],"Corpus":[46],"Contemporary":[48],"American":[49],"English":[50,54],"Global":[52],"Web-Based":[53],"as":[55],"representatives":[57],"The":[61,87,108,236],"analysis":[62],"focuses":[63],"on":[64,93],"over":[71],"period":[72],"time,":[74],"different":[76,78,84,245,249],"regions,":[77],"medium":[79,150],"language":[81,152,162,209,228,231,267],"use,":[82,153],"text":[85,96,169,202],"types.":[86],"frequencies":[88],"were":[89],"further":[90],"interpreted":[91],"based":[92],"sociolinguistics":[94],"genre":[97],"perspective":[98],"to":[99,127,149,184,193,225],"reveal":[100],"factors":[102],"triggering":[103],"dynamic":[105],"use.":[107],"results":[109],"study":[112],"show":[113],"dramatically":[120],"escalating":[121],"last":[124],"decades.":[125],"According":[126],"regional":[128],"observation,":[129],"more":[136,157,218,255,261],"frequent":[137,262],"United":[140],"States":[141],"than":[142,163],"other":[144],"English-speaking":[145],"countries.":[146],"In":[147,265],"relation":[148],"commonly":[158],"spoken":[161],"written":[165],"language.":[166],"As":[167],"for":[168],"type,":[170],"modal":[176],"fiction":[178],"texts":[179,186,191],"highest":[182],"compared":[183],"academic":[185],"news":[188],"texts.":[189],"Academic":[190],"seem":[192],"avoid":[194],"these":[195],"linguistic":[196],"units":[197],"since":[198,227],"sort":[200],"must":[203],"obey":[204],"standard":[208,216],"which":[211],"forms":[213],"less":[215],"colloquial.":[219],"phonetic":[221],"reduction":[222],"plausible":[224],"occur":[226],"system":[229],"apply":[233],"economy":[234],"principle.":[235],"modals,":[241],"however,":[242],"varies":[243,247],"context,":[246,250],"influenced":[251],"by":[252],"colloquialization:":[253],"colloquial":[256],"context":[258],"is,":[259],"they":[263],"are.":[264],"general,":[266],"simplified":[271],"sociolinguistically":[273],"colloquialized.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}