{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965856502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","title":"Water Degradation by China\u2019s Fossil Fuels Production: A Life Cycle Assessment Based on an Input\u2013Output Model","display_name":"Water Degradation by China\u2019s Fossil Fuels Production: A Life Cycle Assessment Based on an Input\u2013Output Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965856502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","mag":"2965856502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11154130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4130/pdf?version=1564566218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4130/pdf?version=1564566218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005546591","display_name":"Yuqi Su","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075317720","display_name":"Yi Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-3388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-3388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005603074","display_name":"Li Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-5556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-5556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-5556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013213511","display_name":"Zixuan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-7606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-7606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sai Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiaxuan Lyu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669373","display_name":"Zhiping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-279X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-279X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101919621","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-7140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-7140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005603074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":0.9222,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7026244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"15","first_page":"4130","last_page":"4130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12724","display_name":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-degradation","display_name":"water degradation","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-production","display_name":"fossil fuel production","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greywater","display_name":"greywater","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-pollution","display_name":"oil pollution","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-phenols","display_name":"volatile phenols","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"chemical oxygen demand","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"coal mining","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-fields","display_name":"oil fields","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinery-plant","display_name":"refinery plant","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coking-process","display_name":"coking process","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollutant-removal","display_name":"pollutant removal","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-pollution-reduction","display_name":"water pollution reduction","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.7222477793693542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6784994006156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.5968379974365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.5555967688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.5532941222190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5211789011955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20309002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12353044","display_name":"Oil refinery","level":2,"score":0.46764159202575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.4600865840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775865663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687","display_name":"Produced water","level":2,"score":0.4344196021556854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4341021180152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.42846015095710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105168734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1867977","display_name":"Refinery","level":2,"score":0.4123454988002777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.20985954999923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18247190117835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14268192648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09930208325386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11154130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4130/pdf?version=1564566218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:15:p:4130-:d:253299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4130/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:864e7493d2a84bc3bb4a24ccad3f9b09","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/864e7493d2a84bc3bb4a24ccad3f9b09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 15, p 4130 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11154130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4130/pdf?version=1564566218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965856502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965856502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497310166","https://openalex.org/W1966149134","https://openalex.org/W2008247400","https://openalex.org/W2010075009","https://openalex.org/W2032167419","https://openalex.org/W2049869093","https://openalex.org/W2050251662","https://openalex.org/W2058169584","https://openalex.org/W2079062650","https://openalex.org/W2101520374","https://openalex.org/W2120312961","https://openalex.org/W2133972986","https://openalex.org/W2140082872","https://openalex.org/W2159974001","https://openalex.org/W2176728700","https://openalex.org/W2191840692","https://openalex.org/W2196202006","https://openalex.org/W2253144452","https://openalex.org/W2259490789","https://openalex.org/W2296620633","https://openalex.org/W2316520551","https://openalex.org/W2466472043","https://openalex.org/W2529958874","https://openalex.org/W2554509187","https://openalex.org/W2554632825","https://openalex.org/W2600132044","https://openalex.org/W2607315842","https://openalex.org/W2621085990","https://openalex.org/W2621370803","https://openalex.org/W2735038860","https://openalex.org/W2771685840","https://openalex.org/W2771899389","https://openalex.org/W2787444583","https://openalex.org/W2892808140","https://openalex.org/W2901098863","https://openalex.org/W2936846670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892808140","https://openalex.org/W2357667158","https://openalex.org/W2958661231","https://openalex.org/W7214539667","https://openalex.org/W3024185402","https://openalex.org/W3172350392","https://openalex.org/W2753366263","https://openalex.org/W2465778195","https://openalex.org/W1542199646","https://openalex.org/W4384522620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fossil":[0],"energy":[1],"production":[2,33,115,189,195],"not":[3],"only":[4],"aggravates":[5],"water":[6,12,30,50,61,93,102,125,153,186],"depletion":[7],"but":[8,204],"also":[9],"severely":[10],"contaminates":[11],"resources.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15],"employed":[16],"a":[17,23,68,176,198,241],"mixed-unit":[18],"input\u2013output":[19],"model":[20],"to":[21,101,168,183,211,235],"give":[22],"life":[24],"cycle":[25],"assessment":[26],"of":[27,34,37,48,57,72,83,116,124,190,213,225],"national":[28],"average":[29],"degradation":[31,103],"in":[32,40,62,77,114,144,162,181,188],"common":[35],"types":[36],"fossil":[38,78,107,118,191,218],"fuels":[39],"China.":[41],"The":[42,193,216],"results":[43],"show":[44],"that":[45,56,152],"the":[46,81,98,121,145,163,171],"amount":[47,71],"grey":[49],"generated":[51],"is":[52,67,97,112,166],"much":[53,199],"more":[54,91,206],"than":[55,94,143],"consumptive":[58],"and":[59,86,128,139,227,230],"withdrawn":[60],"all":[63],"cases.":[64],"Although":[65],"there":[66],"high":[69,222],"discharge":[70,161,179],"chemical":[73],"oxygen":[74],"demand":[75,232],"(COD)":[76],"fuel":[79,219],"production,":[80],"pollutants":[82,239],"petroleum":[84],"(PE)":[85],"volatile":[87],"phenols":[88],"(VP)":[89],"require":[90],"dilution":[92],"COD.":[95],"PE":[96,127,174,226],"greatest":[99],"contributor":[100],"caused":[104],"by":[105],"primary":[106],"fuels,":[108],"while":[109],"VP":[110,129,160,228],"pollution":[111,154,187],"prominent":[113],"upgraded":[117],"fuels.":[119,192],"Basically,":[120],"main":[122],"causes":[123],"degradation,":[126],"discharge,":[130],"occurs":[131],"at":[132,170,240],"coal":[133,194],"mines,":[134],"oil":[135],"fields,":[136],"refinery":[137],"plants,":[138],"coking":[140,164],"factories,":[141],"rather":[142],"upstream":[146],"sectors.":[147],"A":[148],"scenario":[149],"analysis":[150],"showed":[151],"can":[155],"be":[156,169],"significantly":[157],"reduced":[158],"if":[159],"process":[165],"controlled":[167],"standard":[172,177],"concentration.":[173,243],"requires":[175],"withalower":[178],"concentration":[180],"order":[182],"further":[184,236],"mitigate":[185],"industry":[196],"has":[197],"lower":[200],"pollutant":[201],"removal":[202,223],"rate":[203],"spends":[205],"on":[207],"wastewater":[208],"treatment,":[209],"up":[210],"12%":[212],"its":[214],"profit.":[215],"other":[217],"industries":[220],"have":[221],"rates":[224],"(97%\u201399%)":[229],"thus":[231],"technological":[233],"renovation":[234],"remove":[237],"those":[238],"low":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}