{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965601370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","title":"Age-related changes in the relation between preschoolers\u2019 anger and persistence","display_name":"Age-related changes in the relation between preschoolers\u2019 anger and persistence","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965601370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","mag":"2965601370","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33762780","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7983030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0165025419866914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51102485","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","issn_l":"0165-0254","issn":["0165-0254","1464-0651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7983030","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108599007","display_name":"Kizzann Ashana Ramsook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Ashana Ramsook","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-2909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048361519","display_name":"Lizbeth Benson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-5283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-5283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizbeth Benson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058957631","display_name":"Nil\u00e1m Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-5257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-5257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilam Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091536700","display_name":"Pamela M. Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-7009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-7009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela M. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108599007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84200536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.8169000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.8169000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.10509999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.049300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"anger","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistence","display_name":"persistence","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-regulation","display_name":"emotion regulation","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"sadness","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giving-up","display_name":"giving up","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-development","display_name":"emotional development","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-task-behavior","display_name":"on-task behavior","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.927615761756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7981462478637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.7792757749557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5720780491828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.5549710392951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4778582453727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.24916648864746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0165025419866914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419866914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51102485","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","issn_l":"0165-0254","issn":["0165-0254","1464-0651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33762780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33762780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of behavioral development","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7983030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7983030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Behav Dev","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7983030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7983030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Behav Dev","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5104561691","display_name":"Toward a Unifying Model of Self-Regulation and its Development","funder_award_id":"R01HD076994","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7740965497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R305B090007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","funder_display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04et59085"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160127806","https://openalex.org/W636333792","https://openalex.org/W1674635987","https://openalex.org/W1963704462","https://openalex.org/W1978053630","https://openalex.org/W1985420066","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W1991547820","https://openalex.org/W1994789074","https://openalex.org/W1998573521","https://openalex.org/W2000967130","https://openalex.org/W2007321142","https://openalex.org/W2014261185","https://openalex.org/W2018445256","https://openalex.org/W2035145947","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2041196974","https://openalex.org/W2042206942","https://openalex.org/W2050310111","https://openalex.org/W2050730458","https://openalex.org/W2061926218","https://openalex.org/W2065272834","https://openalex.org/W2066105484","https://openalex.org/W2067619701","https://openalex.org/W2075712705","https://openalex.org/W2077501898","https://openalex.org/W2088625514","https://openalex.org/W2088727140","https://openalex.org/W2096592284","https://openalex.org/W2106860941","https://openalex.org/W2116961500","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2129896483","https://openalex.org/W2144271658","https://openalex.org/W2144901750","https://openalex.org/W2149652971","https://openalex.org/W2152315455","https://openalex.org/W2152703997","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2170125064","https://openalex.org/W2255378462","https://openalex.org/W2313033429","https://openalex.org/W2328446294","https://openalex.org/W2419604784","https://openalex.org/W2578940700","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2591270800","https://openalex.org/W2790414561","https://openalex.org/W2896786955","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W4211044530","https://openalex.org/W4231519654","https://openalex.org/W4242336417","https://openalex.org/W4244510213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790414561","https://openalex.org/W4405906632","https://openalex.org/W1674635987","https://openalex.org/W4307844178","https://openalex.org/W2783382728","https://openalex.org/W2102883453","https://openalex.org/W1998573521","https://openalex.org/W1780177377","https://openalex.org/W2091107384","https://openalex.org/W1972424015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,16,39,76,104,145,164,247],"functionalist":[2],"perspective":[3],"on":[4,22],"emotional":[5],"development":[6],"posits":[7],"that":[8,142,182,202,221,250,260],"emotions":[9],"serve":[10],"adaptive":[11],"functions,":[12],"empirical":[13],"tests":[14],"of":[15,18,41,49,64,159,173],"role":[17,55],"anger":[19,24,50,68,94,148,153,251],"mostly":[20],"focus":[21],"how":[23,65,92,122],"contributes":[25],"to":[26,73,99,187,192,207,226,230,236],"dysfunction.":[27],"Developmentally,":[28],"as":[29],"children":[30,123,183,203,222,255],"gain":[31],"agency":[32],"and":[33,44,69,84,95,107,128,132,149,220,232],"skill":[34],"at":[35,81,166,176,195,199,213,217,238,242],"emotion":[36],"regulation":[37],"between":[38,147],"ages":[40,82],"36":[42,83,167,196,214,243],"months":[43,168,197,215,240],"48":[45,85,177,200,218,239],"months,":[46],"their":[47,100],"modulation":[48],"may":[51,253,263],"facilitate":[52,254],"its":[53],"functional":[54],"for":[56],"behavior.":[57],"We":[58],"examined":[59,91,121],"this":[60,261],"possibility":[61],"through":[62],"study":[63],"120":[66],"children\u2019s":[67,93],"sadness":[70,96],"were":[71,97,111,184,204,223],"related":[72,98],"persistence":[74],"during":[75,103],"transparent":[77],"locked":[78],"box":[79],"task":[80,165],"months.":[86,178,244],"Using":[87,115],"survival":[88],"analyses,":[89],"we":[90,120],"giving":[101,150,160,174],"up":[102,161,175],"challenging":[105],"task,":[106],"whether":[108,133],"those":[109,134],"relations":[110],"moderated":[112,144],"by":[113],"age.":[114,138,266],"hidden":[116],"Markov":[117],"models":[118],"(HMMs),":[119],"transitioned":[124],"among":[125],"anger,":[126],"sadness,":[127],"on-task":[129],"behavior":[130],"states":[131],"dynamics":[135],"differed":[136],"with":[137,156,170,265],"Survival":[139],"analysis":[140],"revealed":[141,181],"age":[143],"relation":[146],"up.":[151],"Greater":[152],"was":[154],"associated":[155],"greater":[157],"likelihood":[158,172],"earlier":[162],"in":[163,209,256],"but":[169,259],"lower":[171],"HMM":[179],"analyses":[180],"more":[185,205,224],"likely":[186,206,225],"transition":[188,227],"from":[189,228,233],"a":[190],"Calm/On-task":[191,229,237],"Calm/Off-task":[193],"state":[194,212],"than":[198,216,241],"months;":[201,219],"remain":[208],"an":[210],"Anger/On-task":[211,234],"Anger/On-task,":[231],"back":[235],"Taken":[245],"together,":[246],"findings":[248],"suggest":[249],"appraisals":[252],"maintaining":[257],"persistence,":[258],"functionality":[262],"develop":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}