{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964774258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","title":"Effects of gloss type, gloss position, and working memory capacity on second language comprehension in electronic reading","display_name":"Effects of gloss type, gloss position, and working memory capacity on second language comprehension in electronic reading","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964774258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","mag":"2964774258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100649693","display_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","issn_l":"0958-8221","issn":["0958-8221","1744-3210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112458341","display_name":"Burcu Varol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burcu Varol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Languages Education Department, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Languages Education Department, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019035550","display_name":"G\u00fclcan Er\u00e7etin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-7814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-7814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fclcan Er\u00e7etin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Languages Education Department, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Languages Education Department, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112458341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95132655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"7","first_page":"820","last_page":"844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glosses","display_name":"glosses","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-reading","display_name":"digital reading","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-comprehension","display_name":"second language comprehension","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory-capacity","display_name":"working memory capacity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pop-up-windows","display_name":"pop-up windows","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-recall","display_name":"free recall","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-time","display_name":"reading time","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143025027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900581","display_name":"Gloss (optics)","level":3,"score":0.8216802477836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.7923868894577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6765937805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5301181674003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5116565823554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42170578241348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3561789393424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.3194248080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2936697006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1643738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100649693","display_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","issn_l":"0958-8221","issn":["0958-8221","1744-3210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:2d61865f-d314-4f13-ad8a-fc0e9ee75adc","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.yildiz.edu.tr/publication/details/2d61865f-d314-4f13-ad8a-fc0e9ee75adc/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055331","display_name":"Yildiz Technical University - AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323079","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95894240","https://openalex.org/W256498028","https://openalex.org/W1482646748","https://openalex.org/W1541255863","https://openalex.org/W1703747526","https://openalex.org/W1891874006","https://openalex.org/W1949147698","https://openalex.org/W1959831080","https://openalex.org/W1971020537","https://openalex.org/W1986588180","https://openalex.org/W1989630816","https://openalex.org/W1993183582","https://openalex.org/W2011509617","https://openalex.org/W2014628299","https://openalex.org/W2016546280","https://openalex.org/W2019679004","https://openalex.org/W2020130960","https://openalex.org/W2024134515","https://openalex.org/W2039107287","https://openalex.org/W2046386616","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2071775050","https://openalex.org/W2084015864","https://openalex.org/W2093521305","https://openalex.org/W2095176121","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2103826566","https://openalex.org/W2110679609","https://openalex.org/W2114282361","https://openalex.org/W2116669434","https://openalex.org/W2124799979","https://openalex.org/W2126153334","https://openalex.org/W2136485281","https://openalex.org/W2137145004","https://openalex.org/W2137576942","https://openalex.org/W2143970134","https://openalex.org/W2153636866","https://openalex.org/W2165599820","https://openalex.org/W2166912674","https://openalex.org/W2281427145","https://openalex.org/W2497320563","https://openalex.org/W2624057297","https://openalex.org/W2974947808","https://openalex.org/W4235187224","https://openalex.org/W4247985956","https://openalex.org/W4300665437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539209783","https://openalex.org/W3185222094","https://openalex.org/W2202133158","https://openalex.org/W3183868576","https://openalex.org/W2979111664","https://openalex.org/W7098979562","https://openalex.org/W4220710714","https://openalex.org/W2659628457","https://openalex.org/W2103620863","https://openalex.org/W7217917750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,29,42,67,107,124,131,140,159],"role":[4,154],"of":[5,28,31,66,126,133,142,162],"glosses":[6,167],"and":[7,18,38,58,61,115,173],"working":[8],"memory":[9],"capacity":[10,150],"(WM)":[11],"in":[12,20,26,155],"second":[13],"language":[14],"(L2)":[15],"learners\u2019":[16],"recall":[17,113],"comprehension":[19,119,138],"electronic":[21,95],"reading.":[22],"Glosses":[23],"were":[24,54,62,90,109],"investigated":[25],"terms":[27],"type":[30,132],"information":[32],"they":[33],"provided":[34],"(lexical":[35],"versus":[36,46],"topic-level)":[37],"their":[39,103],"location":[40,144],"on":[41,130],"screen":[43],"(pop-up":[44],"window":[45,73,77,81,85],"separate":[47,76,84],"window).":[48],"One":[49],"hundred-twenty":[50],"highly":[51],"proficient":[52],"participants":[53,89,108],"classified":[55],"into":[56,158],"high-":[57],"low-WM":[59],"groups":[60],"assigned":[63],"to":[64,92,136,169],"one":[65],"four":[68],"treatment":[69],"conditions,":[70],"namely":[71],"pop-up":[72,80,174],"topic-level":[74,78],"glosses,":[75,79,83],"lexical":[82,86,166],"glosses.":[87],"The":[88],"asked":[91],"read":[93],"an":[94],"text":[96],"while":[97,139],"a":[98,111,116,152],"built-in":[99],"tracking":[100],"software":[101],"recorded":[102],"interactions.":[104],"After":[105],"reading,":[106],"given":[110],"free":[112],"task":[114,134],"multiple":[117],"choice":[118],"test.":[120],"Findings":[121],"showed":[122],"that":[123,165],"effects":[125],"gloss":[127,143],"content":[128],"depended":[129],"used":[135],"gauge":[137],"effect":[141],"was":[145],"less":[146],"clear-cut.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"WM":[149],"played":[151],"major":[153],"comprehension.":[156],"Probing":[157],"participants\u2019":[160],"use":[161],"annotations":[163],"revealed":[164],"led":[168],"longer":[170],"reading":[171],"times":[172],"conditions":[175],"triggered":[176],"more":[177],"frequent":[178],"look-up":[179],"behavior.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}