{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964697246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","title":"The relationship of severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with sleep quality in earthquake survivors in Kermanshah","display_name":"The relationship of severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with sleep quality in earthquake survivors in Kermanshah","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964697246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","mag":"2964697246","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31263090","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6646827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50588537","display_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","issn_l":"2008-2053","issn":["2008-2053","2008-4072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319101","host_organization_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053786080","display_name":"Amir Bavafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-836X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-836X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Bavafa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054326306","display_name":"Habibolah Khazaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-9753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-9753","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-3720"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habibolah Khazaie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001720253","display_name":"Behnam Khaledi\u2010Paveh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-0904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-0904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39642139","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05vspf741","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39642139"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Khaledi-Paveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Email:bkhaledi@ymail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Email:bkhaledi@ymail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39642139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023628581","display_name":"Leeba Rezaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-1370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-1370","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-1556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leeba Rezaie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91529635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"225","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.05920000001788139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthquake-survivors","display_name":"earthquake survivors","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-quality","display_name":"sleep quality","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-trauma","display_name":"psychological trauma","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disasters","display_name":"natural disasters","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-disturbance","display_name":"sleep disorders","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-onset-latency","display_name":"sleep latency","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-mental-health","display_name":"disaster mental health","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7797604203224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7054994106292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776245837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053505","display_name":"Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","level":4,"score":0.6428886651992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.527679979801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5182650089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5173896551132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.4828070402145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4261653423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983189541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep quality","level":3,"score":0.38496071100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3620678186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34316524863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.16870468854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001008","descriptor_name":"Anxiety Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055866","descriptor_name":"Earthquakes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50588537","display_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","issn_l":"2008-2053","issn":["2008-2053","2008-4072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319101","host_organization_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6646827","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6646827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Inj Violence Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31263090","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31263090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of injury & violence research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41f18a0adf044a1a9955a0e12a725c91","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41f18a0adf044a1a9955a0e12a725c91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 225-232 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50588537","display_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","issn_l":"2008-2053","issn":["2008-2053","2008-4072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319101","host_organization_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315091","display_name":"Stanford Diabetes Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03gjd9f16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323227","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05vspf741"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108555124","https://openalex.org/W1456961819","https://openalex.org/W1791040911","https://openalex.org/W1970447419","https://openalex.org/W1970652112","https://openalex.org/W1977975426","https://openalex.org/W1983392865","https://openalex.org/W1984065583","https://openalex.org/W1986797386","https://openalex.org/W2001828497","https://openalex.org/W2015208362","https://openalex.org/W2016399889","https://openalex.org/W2034554558","https://openalex.org/W2034824117","https://openalex.org/W2037139733","https://openalex.org/W2049954308","https://openalex.org/W2070804113","https://openalex.org/W2079754963","https://openalex.org/W2083164476","https://openalex.org/W2095210160","https://openalex.org/W2095460278","https://openalex.org/W2109974357","https://openalex.org/W2122200609","https://openalex.org/W2127369497","https://openalex.org/W2141445007","https://openalex.org/W2141674457","https://openalex.org/W2151487996","https://openalex.org/W2155075770","https://openalex.org/W2184004804","https://openalex.org/W2219646990","https://openalex.org/W2274911586","https://openalex.org/W2417152873","https://openalex.org/W2476325920","https://openalex.org/W2533807182","https://openalex.org/W2554657631","https://openalex.org/W2575356772","https://openalex.org/W2579463866","https://openalex.org/W2618250485","https://openalex.org/W2768134702","https://openalex.org/W2778186810","https://openalex.org/W2788312116","https://openalex.org/W2790247527","https://openalex.org/W2903924607","https://openalex.org/W2912748040","https://openalex.org/W2921509230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993264774","https://openalex.org/W7164842305","https://openalex.org/W2533807182","https://openalex.org/W7214766810","https://openalex.org/W4387948254","https://openalex.org/W4409190480","https://openalex.org/W4409881965","https://openalex.org/W4403203285","https://openalex.org/W4391280701","https://openalex.org/W4390033435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Earthquake":[1],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,20,48,60,62,70,81,95,107,133,156,170,196,208,221,233,238],"the":[5,18,41,68,75,119,124,218,226,239],"most":[6,76],"common":[7],"natural":[8],"disasters.":[9],"A":[10,79],"7.3\"":[11],"Richter":[12],"earthquake":[13,52,83],"happened":[14],"at":[15],"5km":[16],"from":[17],"town":[19],"Ezgeleh":[21],"in":[22,25,67,86,93,204],"Kermanshah":[23],"province":[24],"2017,":[26],"which":[27,73],"caused":[28],"several":[29],"physical":[30],"and":[31,44,53,65,89,98,105,113,139,144,158,165,174,181,187,192,199,225],"mental":[32,45],"injuries.":[33],"The":[34,149,236],"present":[35,240],"study":[36,241],"was":[37,129],"conducted":[38],"to":[39,58,123],"investigate":[40],"sleep":[42,55,96,127,160,188,206,223,234],"quality":[43,56,97,128,161,207,224],"health":[46],"difficulties":[47],"those":[49,209],"affected":[50,210],"by":[51,131,137,142,147,211],"predict":[54,202],"according":[57],"severity":[59,106,169],"symptoms":[61,109],"depression,":[63,172,197],"anxiety,":[64,173,198],"stress":[66,136,200],"township":[69],"Sarpol-e":[71],"Zahab,":[72],"suffered":[74],"damage.":[77],"METHODS:":[78],"total":[80,159,205,222],"999":[82],"survivors":[84],"living":[85],"temporary":[87],"tents":[88],"camps":[90],"were":[91],"assessed":[92],"terms":[94],"pattern":[99],"using":[100,110],"Pittsburgh":[101],"Sleep":[102,176],"Quality":[103],"Index,":[104],"psychological":[108],"Depression,":[111],"Anxiety,":[112],"Stress":[114,213],"scale":[115],"10":[116],"days":[117],"after":[118],"disaster.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"According":[122],"results,":[125],"poor":[126],"experienced":[130,171],"20.61%":[132],"survivors,":[134],"severe":[135,140],"60.5%,":[138],"depression":[141,191],"41.5%,":[143],"moderate":[145],"anxiety":[146],"74%.":[148],"subjective":[150],"quality,":[151],"efficiency,":[152],"daily":[153],"dysfunction,":[154],"use":[155],"hypnotics,":[157],"had":[162,178],"a":[163,179],"positive":[164,180],"significant":[166,182],"relation":[167,183],"with":[168,185,190],"stress.":[175,193],"latency":[177],"only":[184,227],"stress,":[186],"disturbance":[189],"CONCLUSIONS:":[194],"Severity":[195],"can":[201,214,230],"changes":[203],"earthquake.":[212],"be":[215],"considered":[216],"as":[217],"sole":[219],"predictor":[220],"factor":[228],"that":[229],"explain":[231],"components":[232],"quality.":[235],"implications":[237],"are":[242],"debatable.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}