{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964553301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","title":"Cash Assistance in America: The Role of Race, Politics, and Poverty","display_name":"Cash Assistance in America: The Role of Race, Politics, and Poverty","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964553301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","mag":"2964553301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0034644619865272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180784258","display_name":"The Review of Black Political Economy","issn_l":"0034-6446","issn":["0034-6446","1936-4814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Black Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069782797","display_name":"Bradley L. Hardy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-4069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-4069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bradley L. Hardy","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-4069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004578776","display_name":"Rhucha Samudra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-2652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-2652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4864440","display_name":"SUNY Brockport","ror":"https://ror.org/0306aeb62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4864440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhucha Samudra","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College at Brockport\u2013The State University of New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College at Brockport\u2013The State University of New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4864440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073778570","display_name":"Jourdan A. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-1430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-1430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jourdan A. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069782797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96288392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"306","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.2667999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanf","display_name":"TANF","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash-transfers","display_name":"cash transfers","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-residents","display_name":"Black residents","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-wage","display_name":"minimum wage","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform","display_name":"welfare reform","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerner-commission","display_name":"Kerner Commission","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-safety-nets","display_name":"social safety nets","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devolution","display_name":"devolution","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.7308303117752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.684018611907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.6793473958969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.6650809645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5969073176383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131802","display_name":"Safety net","level":2,"score":0.5954920649528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16669466","display_name":"Cash transfers","level":3,"score":0.5580883026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5009803771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.49941301345825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4913090765476227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.4498997926712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4273502826690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4125458598136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.4118582010269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3393881022930145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3336881399154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.31127434968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10546785593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0034644619865272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619865272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180784258","display_name":"The Review of Black Political Economy","issn_l":"0034-6446","issn":["0034-6446","1936-4814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Black Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610813818","https://openalex.org/W1524112244","https://openalex.org/W1524816989","https://openalex.org/W1557422477","https://openalex.org/W1566463245","https://openalex.org/W1572791016","https://openalex.org/W1639391176","https://openalex.org/W1840218356","https://openalex.org/W1969020945","https://openalex.org/W1992035379","https://openalex.org/W1995774491","https://openalex.org/W2064820618","https://openalex.org/W2071254326","https://openalex.org/W2084159512","https://openalex.org/W2120033511","https://openalex.org/W2125112413","https://openalex.org/W2153127887","https://openalex.org/W2155657994","https://openalex.org/W2161055400","https://openalex.org/W2169532904","https://openalex.org/W2176192171","https://openalex.org/W2242107049","https://openalex.org/W2312667940","https://openalex.org/W2316856170","https://openalex.org/W2332440152","https://openalex.org/W2334366258","https://openalex.org/W2473126420","https://openalex.org/W2485156691","https://openalex.org/W2793571453","https://openalex.org/W2902659842","https://openalex.org/W2946607025","https://openalex.org/W3121941845","https://openalex.org/W3122852679","https://openalex.org/W3125589405","https://openalex.org/W4229737049","https://openalex.org/W4235178404","https://openalex.org/W4236965084","https://openalex.org/W4238893884","https://openalex.org/W4248199876","https://openalex.org/W4297791735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3017006761","https://openalex.org/W2772179840","https://openalex.org/W3153224883","https://openalex.org/W1587077609","https://openalex.org/W2071911127","https://openalex.org/W2308310002","https://openalex.org/W4401051125","https://openalex.org/W142149623","https://openalex.org/W2103883859","https://openalex.org/W4289337000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examine":[1],"the":[2,21,29,63,87,93,107,114,122,130,158,172],"predictors":[3],"of":[4,23,36,84,89,104,110,150,157,169,188],"state":[5,75],"spending":[6],"on":[7,62,92],"Temporary":[8],"Assistance":[9],"for":[10],"Needy":[11],"Families":[12],"(TANF)":[13],"cash":[14,41,85],"assistance,":[15],"which":[16],"has":[17],"fallen":[18],"dramatically":[19],"since":[20],"passage":[22],"welfare":[24,115,173],"reform":[25,146],"in":[26,136],"1996.":[27],"Over":[28],"2000s,":[30],"states":[31],"allocating":[32],"33%":[33],"or":[34],"more":[35,44,53],"their":[37],"TANF":[38,64,95,151],"expenditures":[39],"toward":[40],"assistance":[42,77],"are":[43,52],"likely":[45],"to":[46,100,134,143,154],"have":[47],"higher":[48],"minimum":[49],"wages":[50],"and":[51,61,117,182],"liberal,":[54],"though":[55],"with":[56],"fewer":[57],"Black":[58,90],"residents\u2014both":[59],"overall":[60],"caseload.":[65,96],"Our":[66,163],"preferred":[67],"empirical":[68],"specifications":[69],"suggest":[70],"a":[71,82,101,177],"negative":[72],"link":[73],"between":[74],"basic":[76],"expenditures\u2014which":[78],"we":[79],"use":[80],"as":[81,165,167],"measure":[83],"assistance\u2014and":[86],"proportion":[88],"residents":[91],"state\u2019s":[94],"These":[97],"findings":[98],"contribute":[99],"longstanding":[102],"body":[103],"research":[105,174],"examining":[106],"political":[108],"economy":[109],"racial":[111],"disparities":[112],"within":[113,171,186],"system":[116],"support":[118],"further":[119],"investigation":[120],"into":[121],"mechanisms":[123],"driving":[124],"these":[125],"observed":[126],"associations.":[127],"Upon":[128],"considering":[129],"Kerner":[131],"Commission\u2019s":[132],"call":[133],"reinvest":[135],"economically":[137],"disadvantaged":[138],"communities,":[139],"it":[140],"is":[141],"important":[142],"consider":[144],"how":[145,183],"proposals":[147],"modeled":[148],"off":[149],"may":[152],"extend":[153],"new":[155],"domains":[156],"American":[159],"social":[160],"safety":[161],"net.":[162],"findings,":[164],"well":[166],"those":[168],"others":[170],"literature,":[175],"recommend":[176],"closer":[178],"look":[179],"at":[180],"whether":[181],"race":[184],"operates":[185],"systems":[187],"devolved":[189],"authority.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}
