{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964518784","doi":null,"title":"Ecological Regression with Partial Identification","display_name":"Ecological Regression with Partial Identification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964518784","mag":"2964518784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:polals:v:28:y:2020:i:1:p:65-86_4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1047198719000196/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101578550","display_name":"Wenxin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-0402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-0402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Wenxin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Email:","Institute of Finance (Adjunct), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. Email:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Finance (Adjunct), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087421071","display_name":"Gary King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-7631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-7631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"King, Gary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Email:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064623336","display_name":"Allen Schmaltz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-1935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-1935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schmaltz, Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Email:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045302193","display_name":"Martin A. Tanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-5373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-5373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanner, Martin A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Email:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064623336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00753683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.4846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.4846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.16910000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.1331000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-inference","display_name":"ecological inference","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-identification","display_name":"partial identification","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator-evaluation","display_name":"estimator evaluation","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122770356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1656753","display_name":"Identifiability","level":2,"score":0.7913350462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6035195589065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5749458074569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5519883632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5236009359359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5168131589889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5154767632484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.49404647946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4340306520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.40213918685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.38251596689224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3484281897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2322390377521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18791919946670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16417986154556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14047127962112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:polals:v:28:y:2020:i:1:p:65-86_4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1047198719000196/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107887801","https://openalex.org/W162172662","https://openalex.org/W1502945582","https://openalex.org/W1565347943","https://openalex.org/W1603609096","https://openalex.org/W1974532381","https://openalex.org/W1995297713","https://openalex.org/W2016808632","https://openalex.org/W2024239593","https://openalex.org/W2117082895","https://openalex.org/W2131071299","https://openalex.org/W2157075297","https://openalex.org/W2170029279","https://openalex.org/W2298198932","https://openalex.org/W2312824248","https://openalex.org/W2323082825","https://openalex.org/W2949671119","https://openalex.org/W4205465679","https://openalex.org/W4255122834","https://openalex.org/W4398401050","https://openalex.org/W4398979730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603609096","https://openalex.org/W2330058225","https://openalex.org/W434613622","https://openalex.org/W1855669167","https://openalex.org/W4414897838","https://openalex.org/W2184822908","https://openalex.org/W2110095656","https://openalex.org/W7099304049","https://openalex.org/W1502945582","https://openalex.org/W2319284464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ecological":[0],"inference":[1],"(EI)":[2],"is":[3],"the":[4,58,69,98,101,109,116,133,136,147,154,161],"process":[5],"of":[6,44,71,118,135,153],"learning":[7],"about":[8,142,151],"individual":[9],"behavior":[10],"from":[11,88],"aggregate":[12],"data.":[13],"We":[14],"relax":[15],"assumptions":[16],"by":[17,40,141],"allowing":[18],"for":[19,111],"\u201clinear":[20],"contextual":[21],"effects,":[22],"\u201d":[23],"which":[24],"previous":[25],"works":[26],"have":[27],"regarded":[28],"as":[29],"plausible":[30],"but":[31],"avoided":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,55,95,160],"nonidentification,":[35],"a":[36,52,127],"problem":[37,99],"we":[38,50,74],"sidestep":[39],"deriving":[41],"bounds":[42],"instead":[43],"point":[45],"estimates.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"way,":[49],"offer":[51],"conceptual":[53],"framework":[54],"improve":[56],"on":[57,97,139],"Duncan\u2013Davis":[59,137,162],"bound,":[60,138],"derived":[61],"more":[62,93],"than":[63,100],"65":[64],"years":[65],"ago.":[66],"To":[67],"study":[68],"effectiveness":[70],"our":[72,123,130],"approach,":[73],"collect":[75],"and":[76],"analyze":[77],"8,":[78],"430":[79],"$2\\times":[80],"2$":[81],"EI":[82,113],"datasets":[83,106],"with":[84],"known":[85],"ground":[86],"truth":[87],"several":[89],"sources\u2014thus":[90],"bringing":[91],"considerably":[92],"data":[94,120],"bear":[96],"existing":[102],"dozen":[103],"or":[104],"so":[105],"available":[107],"in":[108,122],"literature":[110],"evaluating":[112],"estimators.":[114],"For":[115],"88%":[117],"real":[119],"sets":[121],"collection":[124],"that":[125],"fit":[126],"proposed":[128],"rule,":[129],"approach":[131],"reduces":[132],"width":[134],"average,":[140],"44%,":[143],"while":[144],"still":[145],"capturing":[146],"true":[148],"district-level":[149],"parameter":[150],"99%":[152],"time.":[155],"The":[156],"remaining":[157],"12%":[158],"revert":[159],"bound.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}