{"id":"https://openalex.org/W296425907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","title":"Needed: New Paradigms for R&D","display_name":"Needed: New Paradigms for R&D","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W296425907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","mag":"296425907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152897404","display_name":"Research-Technology Management","issn_l":"0895-6308","issn":["0895-6308","1930-0166"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research-Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049571669","display_name":"Lowell W. Steele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lowell W. Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairfield, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairfield, Connecticut","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049571669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96569724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"13","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-management","display_name":"R&D management","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-management","display_name":"innovation management","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-organization","display_name":"research organization","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4376174211502075}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1991.11670750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152897404","display_name":"Research-Technology Management","issn_l":"0895-6308","issn":["0895-6308","1930-0166"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research-Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592275340","https://openalex.org/W1581671442","https://openalex.org/W2096639111","https://openalex.org/W4297081765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770539164","https://openalex.org/W2769848771","https://openalex.org/W2026691694","https://openalex.org/W4229784819","https://openalex.org/W2768369999","https://openalex.org/W134001389","https://openalex.org/W4248541333","https://openalex.org/W4205294286","https://openalex.org/W658306165","https://openalex.org/W2768651230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1991).":[0],"Needed:":[1],"New":[2],"Paradigms":[3],"for":[4],"R&D.":[5],"Research-Technology":[6],"Management:":[7],"Vol.":[8],"34,":[9],"No.":[10],"4,":[11],"pp.":[12],"13-21.":[13]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}