{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963672486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Tutoring Robots: A Systematic Review and Design Guidelines","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Tutoring Robots: A Systematic Review and Design Guidelines","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963672486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","mag":"2963672486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9102078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/10/2078/pdf?version=1559011679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/10/2078/pdf?version=1559011679","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049718088","display_name":"Jinyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7004-3570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7004-3570","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4158-2515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computers, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computers, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335158","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-9867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-9867"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-9867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100335158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"fwci":0.2922,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54026846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"2078","last_page":"2078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8159000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8159000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.17329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-robot-interaction","display_name":"human-robot interaction","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-model","display_name":"relationship model","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-guidelines","display_name":"design guidelines","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-in-teaching","display_name":"AI in teaching","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-environment","display_name":"social environment","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-integration","display_name":"curriculum integration","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6272047758102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.5413479804992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5171546339988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5003757476806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41397449374198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3402732014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18929854035377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9102078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/10/2078/pdf?version=1559011679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59bc1966753f42a29b833900f7234f68","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59bc1966753f42a29b833900f7234f68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 10, p 2078 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9102078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/10/2078/pdf?version=1559011679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2476223356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7928189182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91648204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963672486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963672486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211708466","https://openalex.org/W564759978","https://openalex.org/W617869886","https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W1608319039","https://openalex.org/W1970264500","https://openalex.org/W1974135442","https://openalex.org/W1989530493","https://openalex.org/W1993708070","https://openalex.org/W1994475294","https://openalex.org/W2018504681","https://openalex.org/W2052837465","https://openalex.org/W2070294837","https://openalex.org/W2087168813","https://openalex.org/W2091709755","https://openalex.org/W2120040514","https://openalex.org/W2122664647","https://openalex.org/W2142410721","https://openalex.org/W2144001787","https://openalex.org/W2153000380","https://openalex.org/W2156173182","https://openalex.org/W2158449659","https://openalex.org/W2166827970","https://openalex.org/W2169024360","https://openalex.org/W2171675665","https://openalex.org/W2171876690","https://openalex.org/W2172806452","https://openalex.org/W2189030162","https://openalex.org/W2219638285","https://openalex.org/W2223741719","https://openalex.org/W2253312808","https://openalex.org/W2274499208","https://openalex.org/W2289149346","https://openalex.org/W2343230623","https://openalex.org/W2398156266","https://openalex.org/W2474462684","https://openalex.org/W2478073999","https://openalex.org/W2521298290","https://openalex.org/W2548681905","https://openalex.org/W2560862806","https://openalex.org/W2566254292","https://openalex.org/W2572147858","https://openalex.org/W2573414602","https://openalex.org/W2575842049","https://openalex.org/W2584561145","https://openalex.org/W2593982493","https://openalex.org/W2604178507","https://openalex.org/W2768626898","https://openalex.org/W2769416443","https://openalex.org/W2808171219","https://openalex.org/W2884787868","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2890464845","https://openalex.org/W2910327041","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963512530","https://openalex.org/W3170775390","https://openalex.org/W7124164693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401991144","https://openalex.org/W2371687549","https://openalex.org/W7119059513","https://openalex.org/W3214063795","https://openalex.org/W4405997704","https://openalex.org/W1507148091","https://openalex.org/W2115985732","https://openalex.org/W2051524810","https://openalex.org/W4383560275","https://openalex.org/W35463907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78],"study":[1],"provides":[2,80],"a":[3,38,84],"systematic":[4],"review":[5],"of":[6,22,33,44],"the":[7,12,19,31,34,47,49,53,58,62,76,94],"recent":[8],"advances":[9],"in":[10,75,101],"designing":[11],"intelligent":[13,102],"tutoring":[14,103],"robot":[15],"(ITR)":[16],"and":[17,36,52,88,97],"summarizes":[18],"status":[20],"quo":[21],"applying":[23],"artificial":[24],"intelligence":[25],"(AI)":[26],"techniques.":[27],"We":[28],"first":[29],"analyze":[30],"environment":[32],"ITR":[35,45],"propose":[37],"relationship":[39,59],"model":[40,60,64],"for":[41],"describing":[42],"interactions":[43],"with":[46],"students,":[48],"social":[50],"milieu,":[51],"curriculum.":[54],"Then,":[55],"we":[56],"transform":[57],"into":[61],"perception-planning-action":[63],"to":[65,72],"explore":[66],"what":[67],"AI":[68],"techniques":[69],"are":[70],"suitable":[71],"be":[73],"applied":[74],"ITR.":[77],"article":[79],"insights":[81],"on":[82],"promoting":[83],"human-robot":[85],"teaching-learning":[86],"process":[87],"AI-assisted":[89],"educational":[90],"techniques,":[91],"which":[92],"illustrates":[93],"design":[95],"guidelines":[96],"future":[98],"research":[99],"perspectives":[100],"robots.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
