{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963665552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","title":"Breaking the Beam Search Curse: A Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Breaking the Beam Search Curse: A Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963665552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","mag":"2963665552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608991","display_name":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1342.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638293","display_name":"Yilin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7329-317X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7329-317X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101440599","display_name":"Liang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5846-849X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5846-849X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8515-9673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research Sunnyvale , CA , USA","Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","Baidu Research Sunnyvale, CA, USA","Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research Sunnyvale , CA , USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009311991","display_name":"Mingbo Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingbo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research Sunnyvale , CA , USA","Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","Baidu Research Sunnyvale, CA, USA","Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research Sunnyvale , CA , USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis , OR , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5252,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97855132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3054","last_page":"3059"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"beam search","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-machine-translation","display_name":"neural machine translation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-size","display_name":"spot size","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stopping-criterion","display_name":"stopping rules","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-normalization","display_name":"length normalization","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-search","display_name":"greedy search","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-english-translation","display_name":"Chinese-English translation","score":0.9049999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.8784603476524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.8373598456382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7981923222541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7570112943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7058396935462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10485038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48996162","display_name":"Hyperparameter optimization","level":3,"score":0.6800248622894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6235248446464539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6035487651824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5186306834220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5465570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326898","display_name":"Early stopping","level":3,"score":0.4318326711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4259556829929352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.31182438135147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28269118070602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2766699194908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.13490068912506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608991","display_name":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1808.09582","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09582","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1808.09582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.09582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.09582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1342","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608991","display_name":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1037014486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G375052063","display_name":"RI: Small: Fast and Accurate Natural Language Parsing and Generation by Marrying Deep Learning with Dynamic Programming","funder_award_id":"1817231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3959814348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#N66001-17-2-4030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534607776","display_name":"EAGER: Collaborative Research: Scaling Up Discriminative Learning for Natural Language Understanding and Translation","funder_award_id":"1656051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963665552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963665552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2176263492","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2561386235","https://openalex.org/W2566564022","https://openalex.org/W2574872930","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2757222607","https://openalex.org/W2790319220","https://openalex.org/W2889317799","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963248296","https://openalex.org/W2963366552","https://openalex.org/W2963463964","https://openalex.org/W2963506925","https://openalex.org/W2963551569","https://openalex.org/W2963620441","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953665647","https://openalex.org/W4281646320","https://openalex.org/W4205712847","https://openalex.org/W3169687406","https://openalex.org/W1974336862","https://openalex.org/W4388119537","https://openalex.org/W3014750173","https://openalex.org/W3114025147","https://openalex.org/W4287818966","https://openalex.org/W3192751261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beam":[0],"search":[1],"is":[2],"widely":[3,20],"used":[4],"in":[5],"neural":[6],"machine":[7],"translation,":[8],"and":[9,36,69],"usually":[10],"improves":[11],"translation":[12,30],"quality":[13],"compared":[14],"to":[15,40],"greedy":[16],"search.It":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"observed":[21],"that,":[22],"however,":[23],"beam":[24],"sizes":[25],"larger":[26],"than":[27],"5":[28],"hurt":[29],"quality.We":[31],"explain":[32],"why":[33],"this":[34,42],"happens,":[35],"propose":[37],"several":[38],"methods":[39,57,76],"address":[41],"problem.Furthermore,":[43],"we":[44],"discuss":[45],"the":[46,59,71],"optimal":[47],"stopping":[48],"criteria":[49],"for":[50],"these":[51],"methods.Results":[52],"show":[53],"that":[54],"our":[55],"hyperparameter-free":[56,61],"outperform":[58],"widely-used":[60],"heuristic":[62],"of":[63],"length":[64],"normalization":[65],"by":[66],"+2.0":[67],"BLEU,":[68],"achieve":[70],"best":[72],"results":[73],"among":[74],"all":[75],"on":[77],"Chinese-to-English":[78],"translation.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}