{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963605366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","title":"Detection of Gravitational Wave Emission by Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Through Tidal Disruption Flares","display_name":"Detection of Gravitational Wave Emission by Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Through Tidal Disruption Flares","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963605366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","mag":"2963605366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27767188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep35629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35629.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021890452","display_name":"Kimitake Hayasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-1895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-1895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimitake Hayasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea","Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040946565","display_name":"Abraham Loeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-287X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-287X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Loeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.3032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81787611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"35629","last_page":"35629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supermassive-black-hole-binaries","display_name":"supermassive black hole binaries","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-emission","display_name":"gravitational wave emission","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-disruption-events","display_name":"tidal disruption","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-mergers","display_name":"galaxy mergers","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accretion-disks","display_name":"accretion disks","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-beaming","display_name":"relativistic beaming","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbital-decay","display_name":"orbital decay","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-detection","display_name":"gravitational wave detection","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamic-modeling","display_name":"hydrodynamic modeling","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173120059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40392","display_name":"Supermassive black hole","level":3,"score":0.8518047332763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6816874742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6206602454185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.6076411008834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.4239971339702606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.08463603258132935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep35629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27767188","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27767188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1510.05760","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.05760","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.05760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4027512","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5073286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5073286","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5073286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/29408389","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29408389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1510.05760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.05760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.05760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep35629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35629","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G182652872","display_name":"Precision Measurements of the Black-Hole Properties in the Center of the Milky Way","funder_award_id":"1312034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321203","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322112","display_name":"Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2pxh42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963605366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963605366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W789144982","https://openalex.org/W1468711679","https://openalex.org/W1533022148","https://openalex.org/W1559953446","https://openalex.org/W1607598059","https://openalex.org/W1634825185","https://openalex.org/W1639285581","https://openalex.org/W1773812782","https://openalex.org/W1945317389","https://openalex.org/W1964405856","https://openalex.org/W1980025075","https://openalex.org/W1986132467","https://openalex.org/W1986318358","https://openalex.org/W1987030228","https://openalex.org/W1992984030","https://openalex.org/W1995061453","https://openalex.org/W2001876144","https://openalex.org/W2002044265","https://openalex.org/W2009530585","https://openalex.org/W2011739082","https://openalex.org/W2028041627","https://openalex.org/W2030848403","https://openalex.org/W2031178783","https://openalex.org/W2035911135","https://openalex.org/W2038337533","https://openalex.org/W2045016451","https://openalex.org/W2046927444","https://openalex.org/W2048969047","https://openalex.org/W2049013365","https://openalex.org/W2050761448","https://openalex.org/W2053670057","https://openalex.org/W2060191906","https://openalex.org/W2061341074","https://openalex.org/W2063209031","https://openalex.org/W2064816908","https://openalex.org/W2068431960","https://openalex.org/W2068728750","https://openalex.org/W2069981283","https://openalex.org/W2073025922","https://openalex.org/W2080259092","https://openalex.org/W2092975024","https://openalex.org/W2103054778","https://openalex.org/W2117250447","https://openalex.org/W2124811735","https://openalex.org/W2128089313","https://openalex.org/W2136626788","https://openalex.org/W2140311628","https://openalex.org/W2218350792","https://openalex.org/W2314348705","https://openalex.org/W2952728058","https://openalex.org/W3014757150","https://openalex.org/W3098258053","https://openalex.org/W3099145983","https://openalex.org/W3100911930","https://openalex.org/W3101230677","https://openalex.org/W3103805048","https://openalex.org/W3104330986","https://openalex.org/W3105596861","https://openalex.org/W3122976912","https://openalex.org/W3124664286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W1997152486","https://openalex.org/W4321479465","https://openalex.org/W2057210323","https://openalex.org/W2281332844","https://openalex.org/W4322754355","https://openalex.org/W2026818944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Galaxy":[0],"mergers":[1],"produce":[2],"supermassive":[3],"black":[4,60],"hole":[5],"binaries,":[6],"which":[7],"emit":[8],"gravitational":[9,91],"waves":[10],"prior":[11],"to":[12,20,74,81,90],"their":[13],"coalescence.":[14],"We":[15,38],"perform":[16],"three-dimensional":[17],"hydrodynamic":[18],"simulations":[19],"study":[21],"the":[22,32,41,45,51,69,83,86],"tidal":[23,97],"disruption":[24,98],"of":[25,35,44,85],"stars":[26],"by":[27,94,103],"such":[28],"a":[29,106],"binary":[30,52,70,87],"in":[31,50],"final":[33],"centuries":[34],"its":[36],"life.":[37],"find":[39],"that":[40,100],"gas":[42],"stream":[43],"stellar":[46],"debris":[47],"moves":[48],"chaotically":[49],"potential":[53],"and":[54],"forms":[55],"accretion":[56,63],"disks":[57],"around":[58],"both":[59],"holes.":[61],"The":[62],"light":[64],"curve":[65],"is":[66],"modulated":[67],"over":[68],"orbital":[71],"period":[72],"owing":[73],"relativistic":[75],"beaming.":[76],"This":[77],"periodic":[78],"signal":[79],"allows":[80],"detect":[82],"decay":[84],"orbit":[88],"due":[89],"wave":[92],"emission":[93],"observing":[95],"two":[96],"events":[99],"are":[101],"separated":[102],"more":[104],"than":[105],"decade.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}