{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963533207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","title":"Behaviour of smallholder farmers towards adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe","display_name":"Behaviour of smallholder farmers towards adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963533207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","mag":"2963533207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/sum.12528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121608518","display_name":"Soil Use and Management","issn_l":"0266-0032","issn":["0266-0032","1475-2743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Use and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084504118","display_name":"Raymond Mugandani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-4170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-4170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72341686","display_name":"Midlands State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv1gw80","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72341686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA","ZW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Mugandani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land and Water Resources Management Midlands State University Gweru Zimbabwe","School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-4170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land and Water Resources Management Midlands State University Gweru Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72341686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095383","display_name":"Paramu Mafongoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paramu Mafongoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084504118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72341686","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96128185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"561","last_page":"575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13934","display_name":"Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Agriculture","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-agriculture","display_name":"conservation agriculture","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-behavior","display_name":"farmer behavior","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-perceptions","display_name":"farmer perceptions","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-knowledge","display_name":"farmer knowledge","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-training","display_name":"agricultural training","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-adoption","display_name":"barriers to adoption","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zimbabwe","display_name":"Zimbabwe","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140130429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439388","display_name":"Conservation agriculture","level":3,"score":0.7802098393440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7794359922409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.6168889403343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6077290773391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5215294361114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5080997943878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5065416097640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.4610893130302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.4446403682231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.43899139761924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.4316948652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4004379212856293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.36948683857917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3275916278362274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32451194524765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3041030168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2687262296676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2595050036907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08610615134239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/sum.12528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121608518","display_name":"Soil Use and Management","issn_l":"0266-0032","issn":["0266-0032","1475-2743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Use and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3437088","https://openalex.org/W28332315","https://openalex.org/W193733330","https://openalex.org/W1502801871","https://openalex.org/W1748116371","https://openalex.org/W1860172049","https://openalex.org/W1869882935","https://openalex.org/W1917799491","https://openalex.org/W1971810401","https://openalex.org/W1991543343","https://openalex.org/W1991903997","https://openalex.org/W1998394861","https://openalex.org/W1998605750","https://openalex.org/W2001668430","https://openalex.org/W2008773144","https://openalex.org/W2018729804","https://openalex.org/W2018772012","https://openalex.org/W2020650078","https://openalex.org/W2027938175","https://openalex.org/W2031674142","https://openalex.org/W2038325241","https://openalex.org/W2038580029","https://openalex.org/W2039953252","https://openalex.org/W2042014251","https://openalex.org/W2048330499","https://openalex.org/W2050927034","https://openalex.org/W2053797713","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2066616179","https://openalex.org/W2068610047","https://openalex.org/W2085227027","https://openalex.org/W2087421310","https://openalex.org/W2091984538","https://openalex.org/W2095693034","https://openalex.org/W2105472558","https://openalex.org/W2105718554","https://openalex.org/W2106066030","https://openalex.org/W2109047077","https://openalex.org/W2110042743","https://openalex.org/W2118321767","https://openalex.org/W2121640971","https://openalex.org/W2124080601","https://openalex.org/W2124403987","https://openalex.org/W2124701557","https://openalex.org/W2129479653","https://openalex.org/W2129685388","https://openalex.org/W2130520063","https://openalex.org/W2136201502","https://openalex.org/W2142950288","https://openalex.org/W2145295959","https://openalex.org/W2150663575","https://openalex.org/W2152687924","https://openalex.org/W2158402964","https://openalex.org/W2164926438","https://openalex.org/W2181649767","https://openalex.org/W2183093624","https://openalex.org/W2183232792","https://openalex.org/W2228166285","https://openalex.org/W2251119532","https://openalex.org/W2265058858","https://openalex.org/W2273885298","https://openalex.org/W2276950150","https://openalex.org/W2299471210","https://openalex.org/W2345824053","https://openalex.org/W2398332339","https://openalex.org/W2469660998","https://openalex.org/W2554459830","https://openalex.org/W2580497579","https://openalex.org/W2581375701","https://openalex.org/W2605006837","https://openalex.org/W2610801433","https://openalex.org/W2615878190","https://openalex.org/W2619503766","https://openalex.org/W2634180430","https://openalex.org/W2745956573","https://openalex.org/W2765327259","https://openalex.org/W2767923177","https://openalex.org/W2793613332","https://openalex.org/W2993560336","https://openalex.org/W4242026636","https://openalex.org/W4252307431","https://openalex.org/W4376646869","https://openalex.org/W7034665123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411635253","https://openalex.org/W2166287652","https://openalex.org/W2560752389","https://openalex.org/W2418241195","https://openalex.org/W2108584967","https://openalex.org/W2770003509","https://openalex.org/W4401289121","https://openalex.org/W7161769775","https://openalex.org/W1579988122","https://openalex.org/W3206258424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Conservation":[1],"agriculture":[2,22,67],"is":[3,247],"critical":[4],"to":[5,35,55,83,249],"sustainably":[6],"increasing":[7],"agricultural":[8],"productivity,":[9],"enhancing":[10],"climate":[11],"resilience":[12],"and":[13,71,103,112,158,179,190,205,216,229,234],"food":[14],"security.":[15],"Much":[16],"research":[17],"on":[18,25,139,154],"adoption":[19,64,217,235,251],"of":[20,38,41,59,65,123,136,145,152,161,167,181,252],"conservation":[21,66,162,175,193,253],"has":[23,32],"focused":[24],"its":[26,44],"agronomic":[27],"benefits,":[28],"but":[29,200,226],"little":[30],"attention":[31],"been":[33],"paid":[34],"the":[36,39,57,63,124,155,165,168,182],"contribution":[37],"behaviour":[40,58],"farmers":[42,61,183],"over":[43],"adoption.":[45],"To":[46],"close":[47],"this":[48],"gap,":[49],"a":[50,79,88,198,227],"study":[51],"was":[52,94,184],"carried":[53],"out":[54],"investigate":[56],"smallholder":[60],"towards":[62,174],"in":[68,131],"Chivi,":[69],"Murehwa":[70],"Mutoko":[72],"districts,":[73],"Zimbabwe.":[74],"Data":[75,106],"were":[76,107],"collected":[77],"through":[78,87,96],"pre\u2010tested":[80],"questionnaire":[81],"administered":[82],"360":[84],"farmers,":[85],"selected":[86],"multi\u2010stage":[89],"sampling":[90],"process.":[91],"This":[92],"method":[93],"triangulated":[95],"focus":[97],"group":[98],"discussions,":[99],"key":[100,248],"informant":[101],"interviews":[102],"personal":[104],"observations.":[105],"analysed":[108],"using":[109],"percentages,":[110],"means":[111],"inferential":[113],"statistics.":[114],"The":[115,147,177],"results":[116],"show":[117,197],"that,":[118],"although":[119],"fewer":[120],"than":[121,134],"10%":[122],"respondents":[125,148],"had":[126,149,170],"received":[127],"any":[128],"formal":[129],"training":[130],"agriculture,":[132],"more":[133],"80%":[135],"them":[137],"relied":[138],"it":[140],"for":[141],"their":[142],"major":[143],"source":[144],"income.":[146],"high":[150],"levels":[151],"knowledge":[153,178,204,215],"social,":[156],"environmental":[157],"economic":[159],"benefits":[160],"agriculture.":[163,176,194,254],"However,":[164],"majority":[166],"non\u2010adopters":[169],"an":[171],"indifferent":[172],"perception":[173,180,206,233,245],"explained":[185],"by":[186],"age,":[187],"gender,":[188],"education":[189],"experience":[191],"with":[192],"Results":[195],"also":[196],"weak":[199],"significant":[201,230],"correlation":[202,231],"between":[203,232],"(":[207,218,236],"R":[208,219,237],"s":[209,220,238],"=":[210,221,239],"0.306,":[211],"p":[212,223,241],"<":[213,224,242],"0.05),":[214],"0.484,":[222],"0.05)":[225],"strong":[228],"0.808,":[240],"0.05).":[243],"Addressing":[244],"gaps":[246],"enhance":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}