{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963458602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","title":"Relative Effort while Walking Is Higher among Women Who Are Obese, and Older Women","display_name":"Relative Effort while Walking Is Higher among Women Who Are Obese, and Older Women","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963458602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","mag":"2963458602","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31343522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012830598","display_name":"Hoda Koushyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-3258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-3258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HODA KOUSHYAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016683153","display_name":"Dennis Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-7445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-7445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DENNIS E. ANDERSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080670511","display_name":"Maury A. Nussbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-8431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-8431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MAURY A. NUSSBAUM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Grado Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grado Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067462655","display_name":"Michael L. Madigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL L. MADIGAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Grado Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grado Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43588603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.15309999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-torque","display_name":"joint torque","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-women","display_name":"older women","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-extension","display_name":"knee extension","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-plantarflexion","display_name":"ankle plantarflexion","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-flexion","display_name":"hip flexion","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strength-degradation","display_name":"strength degradation","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walking-ability","display_name":"walking ability","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8082237839698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.8004879951477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6863847970962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5642072558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5330079197883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70770792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239848","display_name":"Preferred walking speed","level":2,"score":0.4665059447288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4659270942211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.4490884840488434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.1439555287361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11888206005096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09349110722541809}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072797","descriptor_name":"Walking Speed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077107","descriptor_name":"Gait Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005082","descriptor_name":"Physical Exertion","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006615","descriptor_name":"Hip","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053580","descriptor_name":"Muscle Strength","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31343522","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31343522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/134271","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/134271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477725892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 OH009880","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337382","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337382","display_name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0502a2655"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597919051","https://openalex.org/W1709764231","https://openalex.org/W1974185848","https://openalex.org/W1986988489","https://openalex.org/W1993605590","https://openalex.org/W1997253713","https://openalex.org/W2003685031","https://openalex.org/W2010569275","https://openalex.org/W2021450128","https://openalex.org/W2021982175","https://openalex.org/W2022098279","https://openalex.org/W2039599879","https://openalex.org/W2048244705","https://openalex.org/W2051989944","https://openalex.org/W2055947993","https://openalex.org/W2060019792","https://openalex.org/W2061737487","https://openalex.org/W2074524774","https://openalex.org/W2087909922","https://openalex.org/W2094484952","https://openalex.org/W2104904325","https://openalex.org/W2107832644","https://openalex.org/W2131467420","https://openalex.org/W2132343319","https://openalex.org/W2135168299","https://openalex.org/W2149921950","https://openalex.org/W2166131751","https://openalex.org/W2307877495","https://openalex.org/W2322333425","https://openalex.org/W2418292076","https://openalex.org/W2470814599","https://openalex.org/W2910298844","https://openalex.org/W4231959353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965199271","https://openalex.org/W2315478264","https://openalex.org/W2307877495","https://openalex.org/W2767001361","https://openalex.org/W1993943293","https://openalex.org/W2100038540","https://openalex.org/W2066138782","https://openalex.org/W2486067723","https://openalex.org/W2092241420","https://openalex.org/W2475045425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Individuals":[1],"who":[2,136,162,223,240],"are":[3],"obese,":[4,58,164,242],"and":[5,36,62,76,81,83,88,94,111,145,156,195,201,213,226],"older":[6,60,64,187,227,246],"individuals,":[7],"exhibit":[8],"gait":[9,84,92,131,235],"alterations":[10],"that":[11,117],"may":[12,255],"result,":[13],"in":[14,39,78,139,167,176,189,234],"part,":[15],"from":[16,113],"walking":[17,260],"with":[18,249],"greater":[19,173,218,250],"effort":[20,41,100,128,169,182,220],"relative":[21,40,168,219,251],"to":[22,33,172,203,232],"their":[23],"maximum":[24],"strength":[25,70,112,119,157,205],"capacity.":[26],"The":[27,67],"goal":[28],"of":[29,47,106,123],"this":[30],"study":[31],"was":[32,101,132,183,229],"investigate":[34],"obesity-related":[35,174],"age-related":[37,204],"differences":[38,233],"during":[42,109,129],"gait.":[43],"METHODS:":[44],"Four":[45],"groups":[46],"women":[48,135,161,188,222,228],"completed":[49],"the":[50,73,104,217,258],"study,":[51],"including":[52],"10":[53,56,59],"younger":[54,57],"healthy-weight,":[55,61],"9":[63],"obese":[65,138,225],"women.":[66],"protocol":[68],"included":[69],"measurements":[71],"at":[72],"hip,":[74],"knee,":[75],"ankle":[77,146],"both":[79,153],"flexion":[80,148,191],"extension,":[82],"trials":[85],"under":[86],"self-selected":[87,130,212],"constrained":[89,214],"(1.5":[90],"m\u00b7s":[91],"speed":[93],"0.65-m":[95],"step":[96],"length)":[97],"conditions.":[98],"Relative":[99,127,181],"calculated":[102],"as":[103,120,243,245],"ratio":[105],"joint":[107,124,154,177],"torques":[108,155,178],"gait,":[110,215],"a":[114,121],"subject-specific":[115],"model":[116],"predicted":[118],"function":[122],"angle.":[125],"RESULTS:":[126],"higher":[133,159,185],"among":[134,160,186,221,262],"were":[137,158,163,170,208,224,241],"knee":[140,196],"extension":[141,197],"(P":[142,149,192,198],"=":[143,150,199],"0.028)":[144],"plantar":[147],"0.013).":[151],"Although":[152],"these":[165,263],"increases":[166,175],"attributed":[171,202,231],"than":[179],"strength.":[180],"also":[184],"hip":[190],"<":[193],"0.001)":[194],"0.008),":[200],"loss.":[206],"Results":[207],"generally":[209],"similar":[210],"between":[211],"indicating":[216],"not":[230],"spatiotemporal":[236],"characteristics.":[237],"CONCLUSIONS:":[238],"Women":[239],"well":[244],"women,":[247],"walk":[248],"effort.":[252],"These":[253],"results":[254],"help":[256],"explain":[257],"compromised":[259],"ability":[261],"individuals.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}