{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963328975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","title":"BF description of higher-dimensional gravity theories","display_name":"BF description of higher-dimensional gravity theories","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963328975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","mag":"2963328975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","pdf_url":"https://www.intlpress.com/site/pub/files/_fulltext/journals/atmp/1999/0003/0005/ATMP-1999-0003-0005-a003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207372152","display_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","issn_l":"1095-0753","issn":["1095-0753","1095-0761"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327904645","host_organization_name":"International Press of Boston","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327904645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Press of Boston"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.intlpress.com/site/pub/files/_fulltext/journals/atmp/1999/0003/0005/ATMP-1999-0003-0005-a003.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073991893","display_name":"Laurent Freidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-0100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-0100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113428412","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/04zmssz18","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Freidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA","Laboratoire de Physique Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon 46, allee d'ltalie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Physique Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon 46, allee d'ltalie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113428412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064326167","display_name":"Kirill V. Krasnov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-3767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-3767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Krasnov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019204173","display_name":"Raymond Puzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-436X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-436X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Puzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94506721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"5","first_page":"1289","last_page":"1324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bf-theory","display_name":"BF theory","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-dimensional-gravity","display_name":"higher-dimensional gravity","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-order-formalism","display_name":"first-order formalism","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-gravity","display_name":"three-dimensional gravity","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-relativity","display_name":"general relativity","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrangian-constraints","display_name":"Lagrangian constraints","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.6666555404663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.638850212097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5721436738967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5480331778526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204572665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914299","display_name":"Spin foam","level":5,"score":0.5450196862220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5385611653327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4910438060760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146846114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901448","display_name":"Einstein","level":2,"score":0.48835107684135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4817814528942108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30381742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621284","display_name":"Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism","level":4,"score":0.4741370379924774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.4656909704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61697454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142276","display_name":"Five-dimensional space","level":2,"score":0.4571130573749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080745","display_name":"Unified field theory","level":2,"score":0.426037073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.4244951605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40366536378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.3808295726776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3782861828804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739962","display_name":"Loop quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.37528762221336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.22100278735160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2092781662940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.18584328889846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27877202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2603912","display_name":"Classical field theory","level":3,"score":0.1671346127986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","pdf_url":"https://www.intlpress.com/site/pub/files/_fulltext/journals/atmp/1999/0003/0005/ATMP-1999-0003-0005-a003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207372152","display_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","issn_l":"1095-0753","issn":["1095-0753","1095-0761"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327904645","host_organization_name":"International Press of Boston","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327904645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Press of Boston"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/9901069","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9901069","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9901069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:376867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/376867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9901069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9901069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9901069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.1999.v3.n5.a3","pdf_url":"https://www.intlpress.com/site/pub/files/_fulltext/journals/atmp/1999/0003/0005/ATMP-1999-0003-0005-a003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207372152","display_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","issn_l":"1095-0753","issn":["1095-0753","1095-0761"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327904645","host_organization_name":"International Press of Boston","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327904645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Press of Boston"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4551151267","display_name":"Theoretical Investigations in Classical                     and Quantum Gravity","funder_award_id":"9514240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963328975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963328975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024934212","https://openalex.org/W2026695417","https://openalex.org/W2053932007","https://openalex.org/W2070533344","https://openalex.org/W2071979448","https://openalex.org/W2084041293","https://openalex.org/W2095415869","https://openalex.org/W2098989214","https://openalex.org/W2109573413","https://openalex.org/W2118522035","https://openalex.org/W2124214065","https://openalex.org/W2137409288","https://openalex.org/W2164148892","https://openalex.org/W2963270599","https://openalex.org/W3005873522","https://openalex.org/W3100715829","https://openalex.org/W3101657606","https://openalex.org/W3104343665","https://openalex.org/W3122358208","https://openalex.org/W4246077597","https://openalex.org/W4300923879","https://openalex.org/W6635982393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097276839","https://openalex.org/W2946721828","https://openalex.org/W2112124518","https://openalex.org/W1949865044","https://openalex.org/W3037739599","https://openalex.org/W3003717372","https://openalex.org/W7160970435","https://openalex.org/W3094876293","https://openalex.org/W2021233455","https://openalex.org/W1999554939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,9,28],"first-order":[2],"formalism,":[3],"pure":[4],"three-dimensional":[5],"gravity":[6],"is":[7],"just":[8],"BF":[10,19],"theory.Similarly,":[11],"four-dimensional":[12],"general":[13],"relativity":[14],"can":[15],"be":[16],"formulated":[17],"as":[18],"theory":[20],"with":[21],"an":[22],"additional":[23],"constraint":[24],"term":[25],"added":[26],"to":[27],"Lagrangian.In":[29],"this":[30],"paper":[31],"we":[32],"show":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}