{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963288147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","title":"The Wandering Circles: A Flicker Rate and Contour-Dependent Motion Illusion","display_name":"The Wandering Circles: A Flicker Rate and Contour-Dependent Motion Illusion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963288147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","mag":"2963288147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31656578","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6790949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2041669519875156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041669519875156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135407459","display_name":"i-Perception","issn_l":"2041-6695","issn":["2041-6695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"i-Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041669519875156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080556132","display_name":"Christopher David Blair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-5003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-5003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207168215","display_name":"Eastern Oregon University","ror":"https://ror.org/01s8xxq04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207168215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Blair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-5003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207168215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035045205","display_name":"Gennady Erlikhman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-2660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-2660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gennady Erlikhman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043728645","display_name":"Gideon Paul Caplovitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9856-4864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9856-4864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gideon P. Caplovitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080556132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207168215"],"apc_list":{"value":676,"currency":"USD","value_usd":676},"apc_paid":{"value":676,"currency":"USD","value_usd":676},"fwci":0.2887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57221485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"2041669519875156","last_page":"2041669519875156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusory-motion","display_name":"illusory motion","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker-rate","display_name":"flicker rate","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-vision","display_name":"peripheral vision","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-effects","display_name":"top-down effects","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance-adaptation","display_name":"luminance adaptation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movements","display_name":"eye movements","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positional-uncertainty","display_name":"position uncertainty","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7166998","display_name":"Percept","level":3,"score":0.8999684453010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.8256171941757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.7147275805473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5899678468704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5646482706069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139793654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174923","display_name":"Optical illusion","level":3,"score":0.5642504096031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5396807789802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48575856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852504","display_name":"Motion perception","level":3,"score":0.5096273422241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4762454330921173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4671553671360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15123163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500096","display_name":"Psychophysics","level":3,"score":0.4329306483268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3987027108669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.35580527782440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3426138758659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.308418869972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.278409481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26037073135375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1230866014957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.08947712182998657}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/2041669519875156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041669519875156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135407459","display_name":"i-Perception","issn_l":"2041-6695","issn":["2041-6695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"i-Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6790949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6790949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iperception","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31656578","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31656578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"i-Perception","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20808f5eaf2f47a79f1b2b4b40accd0a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20808f5eaf2f47a79f1b2b4b40accd0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"i-Perception, Vol 10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2041669519875156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669519875156","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041669519875156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135407459","display_name":"i-Perception","issn_l":"2041-6695","issn":["2041-6695"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"i-Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6612350839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1632849","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","funder_display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7982817456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1632738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","funder_display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8712775733","display_name":"Neural correlates of spatiotemporal form intergation","funder_award_id":"F32EY025520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9mqs78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963288147.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112287601","https://openalex.org/W1765390228","https://openalex.org/W1968034778","https://openalex.org/W1971581013","https://openalex.org/W1973613674","https://openalex.org/W1977427797","https://openalex.org/W1987300679","https://openalex.org/W1992905168","https://openalex.org/W1993254594","https://openalex.org/W1995934171","https://openalex.org/W1996242427","https://openalex.org/W1999907580","https://openalex.org/W2017108196","https://openalex.org/W2023108525","https://openalex.org/W2024696802","https://openalex.org/W2034844572","https://openalex.org/W2046864479","https://openalex.org/W2069681531","https://openalex.org/W2071780812","https://openalex.org/W2074261482","https://openalex.org/W2074798463","https://openalex.org/W2077035528","https://openalex.org/W2089810755","https://openalex.org/W2097167689","https://openalex.org/W2108992228","https://openalex.org/W2117062684","https://openalex.org/W2124952354","https://openalex.org/W2129181505","https://openalex.org/W2132494934","https://openalex.org/W2134602250","https://openalex.org/W2157392891","https://openalex.org/W2734584580","https://openalex.org/W2741808304","https://openalex.org/W2783196021","https://openalex.org/W2906622725","https://openalex.org/W2908911794","https://openalex.org/W4248109390","https://openalex.org/W4294214781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059000747","https://openalex.org/W2004729461","https://openalex.org/W2043338012","https://openalex.org/W3089329285","https://openalex.org/W161889410","https://openalex.org/W4390540698","https://openalex.org/W2892966664","https://openalex.org/W2319451698","https://openalex.org/W7095166067","https://openalex.org/W3197215737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"of":[1,46,84,92,141],"the":[2,44,61,72,77,85,90,102,128,139,142,157,169,182],"visual":[3],"system":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"informed":[7],"by":[8,66],"examining":[9],"errors":[10],"in":[11,34,134,156,176],"perception.":[12],"We":[13],"present":[14],"a":[15,35,67,81],"novel":[16],"illusion-Wandering":[17],"Circles-in":[18],"which":[19],"stationary":[20],"circles":[21,103],"undergoing":[22],"contrast-polarity":[23],"reversals":[24],"(i.e.,":[25,80],"flicker),":[26],"when":[27,60,71,101],"viewed":[28],"peripherally,":[29],"appear":[30],"to":[31,76,168,190],"move":[32],"about":[33],"random":[36],"fashion.":[37],"In":[38,88],"two":[39],"psychophysical":[40],"experiments,":[41],"participants":[42],"rated":[43],"strength":[45],"perceived":[47,160],"illusory":[48,55,93],"motion":[49,56,94,125,154,161,179],"under":[50],"varying":[51],"stimulus":[52],"conditions.":[53],"The":[54,117,159],"percept":[57,91],"was":[58,64],"strongest":[59,100],"circle's":[62],"edge":[63,73],"defined":[65],"light/dark":[68,129],"alternation":[69,130],"and":[70,110,136,144,178],"faded":[74],"smoothly":[75],"background":[78],"gray":[79],"circular":[82],"arrangement":[83],"Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet":[86],"illusion).":[87],"addition,":[89],"is":[95,131,147],"flicker":[96],"rate":[97],"dependent,":[98],"appearing":[99],"reversed":[104],"polarity":[105],"9.44":[106],"times":[107,114],"per":[108,115],"second":[109],"weakest":[111],"at":[112],"1.98":[113],"second.":[116],"Wandering":[118],"Circles":[119],"differ":[120],"from":[121],"many":[122],"other":[123],"classic":[124],"illusions":[126],"as":[127,172],"perfectly":[132],"balanced":[133],"time":[135],"position":[137],"around":[138],"edges":[140],"circle,":[143],"thus,":[145],"there":[146],"no":[148],"net":[149],"directional":[150],"local":[151],"or":[152,195],"global":[153],"energy":[155],"stimulus.":[158],"may":[162],"instead":[163],"rely":[164],"on":[165],"factors":[166],"internal":[167],"viewer":[170],"such":[171],"top-down":[173],"influences,":[174],"asymmetries":[175],"luminance":[177],"perception":[180],"across":[181],"retina,":[183],"adaptation":[184],"combined":[185],"with":[186],"positional":[187],"uncertainty":[188],"due":[189],"peripheral":[191],"viewing,":[192],"eye":[193],"movements,":[194],"low":[196],"contrast":[197],"edges.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}