{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963084197","doi":null,"title":"Understanding human-elephant interactions in and around Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, Botswana","display_name":"Understanding human-elephant interactions in and around Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, Botswana","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963084197","mag":"2963084197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:studenttheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/178106268/Final_Copy_2018_11_06_Stevens_J_PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/178106268/Final_Copy_2018_11_06_Stevens_J_PhD.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James B. Stevens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-9431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-9431"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James B. Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-9431","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-elephant-conflict","display_name":"human-elephant conflict","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-attitudes","display_name":"farmer attitudes","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-damage","display_name":"crop damage","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-size","display_name":"group size","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-diversity","display_name":"crop diversity","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-wildlife-coexistence","display_name":"human-wildlife coexistence","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.863606333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.663374662399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24784978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864912","display_name":"Wildlife corridor","level":3,"score":0.47462499141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185038","display_name":"African elephant","level":2,"score":0.41339898109436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3905811607837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3891823887825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.37962543964385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3334228992462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.26194682717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.18524545431137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10113921761512756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:studenttheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/178106268/Final_Copy_2018_11_06_Stevens_J_PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"},{"id":"mag:2963084197","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:studenttheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bb96b816-b0b1-4ef0-9507-9d09ce237696","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/178106268/Final_Copy_2018_11_06_Stevens_J_PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5666999816894531}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963084197.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963084197.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899394815","https://openalex.org/W4402525907","https://openalex.org/W1553045035","https://openalex.org/W4385951967","https://openalex.org/W4389440362","https://openalex.org/W4399773914","https://openalex.org/W3108440028","https://openalex.org/W313311633","https://openalex.org/W2941463689","https://openalex.org/W200674231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Botswana,":[1],"the":[2,9,18,29,44,47,61,67,81,109,128,130,168,173,226,241,244,254,261,266,274,313],"influx":[3],"of":[4,40,46,63,71,78,83,98,104,132,137,170,175,215,229,243,250,256,271,277,315],"male":[5,147],"African":[6],"elephants":[7,27,59,120,133,162,179,183,195,203],"into":[8],"Makgadikgadi":[10],"Pans":[11],"National":[12],"Park":[13],"(MPNP)":[14],"has":[15],"resulted":[16,94],"in":[17,43,95,297],"region":[19],"becoming":[20],"a":[21,53,84,90,101,117],"hotspot":[22],"for":[23,178],"human-elephant":[24],"interactions,":[25],"with":[26,89,112,141,161,212,223,285],"leaving":[28],"MPNP":[30],"to":[31,36,167,240,268,283,310],"forage":[32],"on":[33,139],"crops.I":[34],"sought":[35],"gain":[37],"an":[38],"understanding":[39,257],"humanelephant":[41],"interactions":[42,259],"region.None":[45],"field":[48,54,85,187,207,263],"characteristics":[49,65],"studied":[50],"indicated":[51],"whether":[52],"would":[55],"be":[56],"entered":[57,185,205],"by":[58,232],"or":[60],"frequency":[62],"entry.Certain":[64],"influenced":[66,163],"extent":[68,174],"and":[69,87,100,153,190,210,235,247,265,289,294,302],"value":[70,177],"damage.More":[72],"isolated":[73],"fields":[74,88],"incurred":[75],"larger":[76,96],"areas":[77,97],"damage":[79,99,279],"at":[80,260],"end":[82],"season":[86,110],"higher":[91,102],"crop":[92,278],"diversity":[93],"cost":[103],"damage.Crop-foraging":[105],"events":[106,114,143],"increased":[107],"as":[108],"progressed,":[111],"fewer":[113],"occurring":[115],"during":[116],"full":[118],"moon.Crop-foraging":[119],"did":[121],"not":[122,172],"adjust":[123],"their":[124,135,186,206],"group":[125],"size":[126],"outside":[127],"MPNP.However,":[129],"age":[131],"predicted":[134],"probability":[136],"foraging":[138],"crops,":[140],"crop-foraging":[142,216],"predominantly":[144],"involving":[145],"older":[146],"elephants.Elephants":[148],"showed":[149],"directed":[150],"movement":[151],"towards,":[152],"foraged":[154],"non-selectively":[155],"but":[156],"intensively":[157],"within,":[158],"fields.Negative":[159],"experiences":[160],"farmers'":[164,224],"attitudes":[165,270],"due":[166],"occurrence":[169],"events,":[171],"damage.Farmers'":[176],"was":[180,200],"lower":[181,201],"if":[182,191,202,280],"had":[184,193,204],"that":[188,196,208],"year":[189,209],"they":[192],"encountered":[194],"year,":[197],"while":[198],"tolerance":[199],"decreased":[211],"increasing":[213],"numbers":[214],"events.Compensation":[217],"estimates":[218,228,234],"differed":[219],"between":[220],"stakeholder":[221],"groups":[222],"reporting":[225],"highest":[227],"damage,":[230],"followed":[231],"government":[233],"then":[236],"transect":[237],"estimates,":[238],"attributable":[239],"structure":[242],"compensation":[245],"system":[246],"differing":[248],"perceptions":[249],"damage.These":[251],"results":[252],"highlight":[253],"importance":[255],"human-wildlife":[258],"individual":[262],"level,":[264],"need":[267],"understand":[269],"farmers":[272],"beyond":[273],"direct":[275],"costs":[276],"humans":[281],"are":[282],"coexist":[284],"elephants.v":[286],"Dedication":[287],"Mum":[288],"Dad":[290],"You":[291],"have":[292,300],"supported":[293],"encouraged":[295],"me":[296],"everything":[298],"I":[299,303],"done":[301],"cannot":[304],"thank":[305],"you":[306,312],"enough.I":[307],"look":[308],"forward":[309],"showing":[311],"beauty":[314],"Botswana!":[316]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
