{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963021908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","title":"Statistical Modeling of Emission Factors of Fossil Fuels Contributing to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Africa","display_name":"Statistical Modeling of Emission Factors of Fossil Fuels Contributing to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Africa","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963021908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","mag":"2963021908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/acs.2019.93030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ACS_2019072215482618.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223912","display_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","issn_l":"2160-0414","issn":["2160-0414","2160-0422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ACS_2019072215482618.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140986476","display_name":"Mohamed Ali M. Abu Sheha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ali Abu Sheha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032540144","display_name":"Chris P. Tsokos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-7410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-7410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christ P. Tsokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85310821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"09","issue":"03","first_page":"438","last_page":"455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-co2-emissions","display_name":"fossil fuel CO2 emissions","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-fuels","display_name":"liquid fuels","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-fuels","display_name":"solid fuels","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-flaring","display_name":"gas flaring","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-production","display_name":"cement production","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-factors","display_name":"emission factors","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"multicollinearity","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penalized-regression","display_name":"penalized regression","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming","display_name":"global warming","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.7601910829544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.6976912021636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.6930290460586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6268242597579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.5790984630584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5578041076660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195048187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468919","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.5318961143493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.47319743037223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.44047021865844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.42428410053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3607771098613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.33489251136779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2279300093650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19161206483840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1808967888355255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.1567617952823639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1116446852684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.11106526851654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11007913947105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10242468118667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/acs.2019.93030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ACS_2019072215482618.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223912","display_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","issn_l":"2160-0414","issn":["2160-0414","2160-0422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/acs.2019.93030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.93030","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ACS_2019072215482618.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223912","display_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","issn_l":"2160-0414","issn":["2160-0414","2160-0422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric and Climate Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963021908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963021908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002489578","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2317866228","https://openalex.org/W2762773222","https://openalex.org/W2995863449","https://openalex.org/W4234698323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116560652","https://openalex.org/W3087154814","https://openalex.org/W3116093367","https://openalex.org/W1544336070","https://openalex.org/W7168131210","https://openalex.org/W3009116590","https://openalex.org/W2509494306","https://openalex.org/W4400724347","https://openalex.org/W7099476600","https://openalex.org/W2056972501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"warming":[1],"is":[2,31,140],"majorly":[3],"caused":[4],"by":[5],"an":[6],"increase":[7],"in":[8,20,78,133],"atmospheric":[9],"temperature":[10],"and":[11,62,82,97,114,120,154],"carbon":[12,68,131],"dioxide":[13,69,132],"(CO2)":[14],"emissions":[15,53,110],"due":[16],"to":[17,43,56,130,160,176],"the":[18,21,29,36,58,67,103,108,134,150,161,171,183],"rise":[19],"temperature.":[22],"The":[23,100,168],"continued":[24],"accumulation":[25],"of":[26,35,102,111,126,170,179,182],"CO2":[27,52],"into":[28],"atmosphere":[30],"a":[32,45,124,143],"massive":[33],"part":[34],"climate":[37],"change":[38],"problem.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"aims":[42],"develop":[44],"data-driven":[46],"statistical":[47,80,104,138],"model":[48,105,139,173],"using":[49],"Africa\u2019s":[50],"fossil-fuel":[51],"real":[54],"data":[55],"identify":[57],"significant":[59],"attributable":[60,76],"variables":[61,77],"their":[63,115,127],"interaction":[64],"that":[65,106],"produce":[66],"emissions.":[70],"However,":[71],"we":[72],"have":[73,117],"considered":[74],"five":[75],"our":[79],"modeling":[81],"they":[83],"are":[84,174],"Liquid":[85],"fuels":[86,89,92,113],"(Li),":[87],"Solid":[88],"(So),":[90],"Gas":[91,94],"(Ga),":[93],"flares":[95],"(Gf)":[96],"Cement":[98],"production.":[99],"development":[101],"contains":[107],"different":[109,144,180],"fossil":[112],"interactions":[116],"been":[118],"specified":[119],"ranked":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"percentage":[125],"annual":[128],"contributions":[129],"atmosphere.":[135],"Our":[136],"proposed":[137,172],"compared":[141,175],"with":[142],"penalization":[145],"method":[146],"since":[147],"multicollinearity":[148],"among":[149],"risk":[151],"factors":[152],"exists":[153],"which":[155],"provided":[156],"excellent":[157],"results":[158,169,178],"according":[159],"root":[162],"mean":[163],"square":[164],"errors":[165],"(RMSE)":[166],"statistic.":[167],"previous":[177],"countries":[181],"world.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
