{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962989609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","title":"Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: an empirical analysis","display_name":"Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: an empirical analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962989609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","mag":"2962989609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638290?needAccess=true&","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1014724869","display_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","issn_l":"1331-677X","issn":["1331-677X","1848-9664"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","erih-plus","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638290?needAccess=true&","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101421828","display_name":"Muhammad Zakaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-2694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-2694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zakaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Finance, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R. China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Finance, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R. China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014128303","display_name":"Jun Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-1076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-1076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Finance, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R. China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Finance, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R. China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077327689","display_name":"Haseeb Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-2718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-2718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101421828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":770,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":944},"apc_paid":{"value":770,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":944},"fwci":16.8072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.991049,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1794","last_page":"1812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.8705999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.8705999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.040300000458955765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-investment","display_name":"domestic investment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-order","display_name":"law and order","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-model","display_name":"structural model","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7907513380050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.7683844566345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5889469","display_name":"Domestic terrorism","level":3,"score":0.6717408299446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6492718458175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6416743397712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4965675473213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4821455180644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Government spending","level":3,"score":0.4771501421928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4603860378265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.42022061347961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3994711637496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.37431102991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3372199535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.12832826375961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09679871797561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08758470416069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06166350841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.058087676763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638290?needAccess=true&","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1014724869","display_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","issn_l":"1331-677X","issn":["1331-677X","1848-9664"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","erih-plus","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:reroxx:v:32:y:2019:i:1:p:1794-1812","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:228852","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hrcak.srce.hr/228852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400677","display_name":"Hr\u010dak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104502","host_organization_name":"United Nations University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104502"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economic research - Ekonomska istra\u017eivanja","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638290?needAccess=true&","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1014724869","display_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","issn_l":"1331-677X","issn":["1331-677X","1848-9664"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","erih-plus","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962989609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962989609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375481","https://openalex.org/W134347882","https://openalex.org/W1513281941","https://openalex.org/W1523067896","https://openalex.org/W1594023157","https://openalex.org/W1606300371","https://openalex.org/W1606377008","https://openalex.org/W1673559773","https://openalex.org/W1965262435","https://openalex.org/W1965428861","https://openalex.org/W1969679372","https://openalex.org/W1970939326","https://openalex.org/W1978796178","https://openalex.org/W1982257365","https://openalex.org/W1984653973","https://openalex.org/W1984720903","https://openalex.org/W1992665542","https://openalex.org/W1996336019","https://openalex.org/W2010725416","https://openalex.org/W2011498742","https://openalex.org/W2012769404","https://openalex.org/W2026297621","https://openalex.org/W2028995298","https://openalex.org/W2031292193","https://openalex.org/W2037790748","https://openalex.org/W2042439411","https://openalex.org/W2044392542","https://openalex.org/W2053606485","https://openalex.org/W2056009112","https://openalex.org/W2059107538","https://openalex.org/W2066823663","https://openalex.org/W2072930760","https://openalex.org/W2074679972","https://openalex.org/W2075102344","https://openalex.org/W2082225998","https://openalex.org/W2082652286","https://openalex.org/W2106957297","https://openalex.org/W2111109134","https://openalex.org/W2117571509","https://openalex.org/W2120245935","https://openalex.org/W2120933199","https://openalex.org/W2133462023","https://openalex.org/W2138481194","https://openalex.org/W2140525019","https://openalex.org/W2144543810","https://openalex.org/W2159363815","https://openalex.org/W2162878613","https://openalex.org/W2168676486","https://openalex.org/W2171656257","https://openalex.org/W2173024219","https://openalex.org/W2185668673","https://openalex.org/W2237986085","https://openalex.org/W2334961848","https://openalex.org/W2549583042","https://openalex.org/W2730186389","https://openalex.org/W2792075350","https://openalex.org/W2891903900","https://openalex.org/W2910573377","https://openalex.org/W3122074090","https://openalex.org/W3122611856","https://openalex.org/W3124557817","https://openalex.org/W3125611367","https://openalex.org/W3188979279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136364137","https://openalex.org/W7196939797","https://openalex.org/W4312946355","https://openalex.org/W1576299157","https://openalex.org/W7154750381","https://openalex.org/W2896622601","https://openalex.org/W3183227041","https://openalex.org/W2185668673","https://openalex.org/W3041519145","https://openalex.org/W2586980872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,39,51,64,77,87],"impact":[4,65,78],"of":[5,54,66,90],"terrorism":[6,27,67,91,102],"on":[7,68,79,92],"economic":[8,29,93,116,124],"growth":[9,94,117,125],"in":[10,101],"Pakistan.":[11],"Channel":[12],"variables,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"foreign":[16,138],"direct":[17],"investment":[18,72,110,142],"(FDI),":[19],"domestic":[20,71,109,141],"investment,":[21,139],"and":[22,44,70,85,115,134],"government":[23,80],"spending,":[24],"through":[25],"which":[26],"influences":[28],"growth,":[30],"are":[31,42],"identified.":[32],"For":[33],"empirical":[34],"analysis,":[35],"annual":[36],"data":[37],"for":[38],"period":[40],"1972\u20132014":[41],"used,":[43],"a":[45],"structural":[46],"model":[47],"is":[48,73,82,95],"estimated":[49],"using":[50],"generalised":[52],"method":[53],"moments":[55],"(GMM)":[56],"estimation":[57],"approach.":[58],"results":[60],"reveal":[61],"that":[62],"(1)":[63],"FDI":[69,104],"significantly":[74,83],"negative,":[75],"whereas":[76],"spending":[81],"positive":[84],"(2)":[86],"net":[88],"effect":[89],"negative.":[96],"One":[97],"per":[98,107,113,120],"cent":[99,114],"increase":[100,123],"reduces":[103],"by":[105,111,118],"0.104":[106],"cent,":[108],"0.039":[112],"0.002":[119],"cent.":[121],"To":[122,136],"more":[126],"resources":[127],"must":[128,143],"be":[129,144],"allocated":[130],"to":[131],"improve":[132],"law":[133],"order.":[135],"attract":[137],"complementary":[140],"increased.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
