{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962972601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","title":"Effect of foliar application of Fe and banana peel waste biochar on growth, chlorophyll content and accessory pigments synthesis in spinach under chromium (IV) toxicity","display_name":"Effect of foliar application of Fe and banana peel waste biochar on growth, chlorophyll content and accessory pigments synthesis in spinach under chromium (IV) toxicity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962972601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","mag":"2962972601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/opag-2019-0034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2019-0034/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176224","display_name":"Open Agriculture","issn_l":"2391-9531","issn":["2391-9531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2019-0034/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019980755","display_name":"Subhan Danish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-6207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-6207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subhan Danish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil, Water and Plant Testing Laboratory , Pakarab Fertilizer Limited, Khanewal Road, Multan , Punjab, Pakistan ; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil, Water and Plant Testing Laboratory , Pakarab Fertilizer Limited, Khanewal Road, Multan , Punjab, Pakistan ; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070640061","display_name":"Fayyaz Ahmad Tahir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayyaz Ahmad Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102343194","display_name":"Muhammad Khalid Rasheed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khalid Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Niaz Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045560762","display_name":"Muhammad Arif Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-6582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-6582","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-8885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arif Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sidra Kiran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Kiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mango Research Institute , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mango Research Institute , Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050621950","display_name":"Uzma Younis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzma Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048652744","display_name":"Inam Irshad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inam Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil and Environmental Science , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil and Environmental Science , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038322225","display_name":"Beenish Zia Butt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beenish Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Multan , Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019980755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"],"apc_list":{"value":1050,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1187},"apc_paid":{"value":1050,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1187},"fwci":3.5365,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94135445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"381","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-toxicity","display_name":"chromium toxicity","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banana-peel-waste","display_name":"banana peel waste","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-iron-application","display_name":"foliar iron application","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessory-pigments","display_name":"accessory pigments","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-absorption","display_name":"iron absorption","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-stress-mitigation","display_name":"heavy metal stress alleviation","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth","display_name":"plant growth","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148968","display_name":"Spinacia","level":4,"score":0.9574041366577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.8540213704109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.6050718426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4986746311187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4915791451931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4407771825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.35890233516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.32958537340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28184187412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/opag-2019-0034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2019-0034/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176224","display_name":"Open Agriculture","issn_l":"2391-9531","issn":["2391-9531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9652716a2d0d4dd4ae15ca00502b08c1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9652716a2d0d4dd4ae15ca00502b08c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Agriculture, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 381-390 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/8jv7h-mxy16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/8jv7h-mxy16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/8jv7h-mxy16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/cykp0-61t73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/cykp0-61t73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/cykp0-61t73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/opag-2019-0034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0034","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2019-0034/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176224","display_name":"Open Agriculture","issn_l":"2391-9531","issn":["2391-9531"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962972601.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962972601.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972026195","https://openalex.org/W1974907033","https://openalex.org/W1979452589","https://openalex.org/W1993725738","https://openalex.org/W1998641080","https://openalex.org/W2006419939","https://openalex.org/W2019052736","https://openalex.org/W2019355798","https://openalex.org/W2020188781","https://openalex.org/W2022503973","https://openalex.org/W2025515113","https://openalex.org/W2033670246","https://openalex.org/W2062159269","https://openalex.org/W2073473336","https://openalex.org/W2076627849","https://openalex.org/W2079314315","https://openalex.org/W2080965447","https://openalex.org/W2091433550","https://openalex.org/W2092066058","https://openalex.org/W2092521540","https://openalex.org/W2093332178","https://openalex.org/W2093933818","https://openalex.org/W2096191860","https://openalex.org/W2109119860","https://openalex.org/W2120891978","https://openalex.org/W2122420147","https://openalex.org/W2132407977","https://openalex.org/W2133425177","https://openalex.org/W2156419554","https://openalex.org/W2159562617","https://openalex.org/W2169097590","https://openalex.org/W2180637001","https://openalex.org/W2182104441","https://openalex.org/W2184222233","https://openalex.org/W2184633709","https://openalex.org/W2515349292","https://openalex.org/W2564919255","https://openalex.org/W2743572459","https://openalex.org/W2939279976","https://openalex.org/W4241556309","https://openalex.org/W4252680659","https://openalex.org/W4255044171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965638035","https://openalex.org/W4388160634","https://openalex.org/W2975261657","https://openalex.org/W2742504518","https://openalex.org/W3168749511","https://openalex.org/W3070897418","https://openalex.org/W2909088033","https://openalex.org/W3047853633","https://openalex.org/W2888933191","https://openalex.org/W2364756201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Chromium":[1],"(Cr)":[2],"toxicity":[3,41,193,224],"is":[4,33,199,218,235],"becoming":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,14,17,22,39,45,67,75,82,86,95,185,216,230],"a":[8],"major":[9],"issue":[10],"for":[11,244],"the":[12,37,43,182],"cultivation":[13],"crops.":[15],"Toxicity":[16],"Cr":[18,40,83,96,103,110,192,223],"directly":[19],"affects":[20],"synthesis":[21,253],"chlorophyll":[23,73,137,248],"and":[24,64,72,106,127,136,145,154,159,164,166,170,178,188,208,250],"restricts":[25],"Fe":[26,68,134,231],"intake,":[27],"which":[28],"decreases":[29],"crop":[30],"growth.":[31],"It":[32,198],"well":[34],"documented":[35],"that":[36,116,201],"reduction":[38],"through":[42],"application":[44,66,215,234],"biochar.":[46],"However,":[47],"current":[48],"experiment":[49],"was":[50],"carried":[51],"out":[52],"to":[53,141,174,190,221,239],"investigate":[54],"any":[55],"positive":[56],"effect":[57],"of,":[58],"banana":[59,204,240],"peel":[60,205,241],"waste":[61,206,242],"biochar":[62,243],"(BC)":[63],"foliar":[65,233],"(FFe)":[69],"on":[70],"growth":[71],"content":[74,138,249],"Spinacia":[76,87,117,195,226],"oleracea":[77,88,118,196,227],"L.":[78,89,119,197,228],"under":[79,92,176,256],"different":[80],"levels":[81,94],"toxicity.":[84,259],"Seeds":[85],"were":[90],"grown":[91,121],"three":[93],"i.e.":[97],"control":[98,142,175],"(Cr0),":[99],"Cr35":[100,144,177],"(35":[101],"mg":[102,109],"kg\u22121":[104],"soil)":[105],"Cr70":[107],"(70":[108],"kg-1":[111],"soil).":[112],"Analyzed":[113],"data":[114],"confirmed":[115],"seeds":[120],"in":[122,150,194,225,246,254],"1%":[123,186,203],"BC":[124,187,207],"amended":[125],"soils":[126],"1000mM":[128,209],"FFe,":[129],"showed":[130],"significantly":[131],"better":[132],"growth,":[133,247],"uptake":[135],"as":[139,172],"compared":[140,173],"at":[143],"Cr70.":[146],"A":[147],"significant":[148],"improvement":[149,245],"shoot":[151],"length":[152,157],"(16.9":[153],"26.9%),":[155],"root":[156],"(16.3":[158],"20.9%),":[160],"plant":[161],"fresh":[162],"(15.5":[163],"28.3%)":[165],"dry":[167],"weight":[168],"(70.3":[169],"77.8%)":[171],"Cr70,":[179],"respectively,":[180],"validated":[181],"efficacious":[183],"functioning":[184],"FFe":[189,210,217],"mitigate":[191],"concluded":[200],"both":[202],"have":[211],"potential":[212],"but":[213],"sole":[214],"more":[219,236],"effective":[220,237],"alleviate":[222],"Fortification":[229],"by":[232],"comparative":[238],"accessory":[251],"pigments":[252],"spinach":[255],"chromium":[257],"(IV)":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}