{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962872018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","title":"A kinetic study and thermal decomposition characteristics of palm kernel shell using model-fitting and model-free methods","display_name":"A kinetic study and thermal decomposition characteristics of palm kernel shell using model-fitting and model-free methods","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962872018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","mag":"2962872018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186136","display_name":"Biofuels","issn_l":"1759-7269","issn":["1759-7269","1759-7277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biofuels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043101991","display_name":"Maham Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-1139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386657","display_name":"NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vzebw12","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386636","https://openalex.org/I4403386657"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maham Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, National Fertilizer Coorporation NFC (IET), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, National Fertilizer Coorporation NFC (IET), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014781539","display_name":"Haslinda Binti Zabiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-1028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-1028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haslinda Zabiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088930894","display_name":"Lemma Dendena Tufa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-2732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-2732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lemma Dendena Tufa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070897343","display_name":"Suzana Bt Yusup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-3613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-3613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzana Yusup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058261538","display_name":"Imtiaz Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-6164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-6164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imtiaz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014781539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5855894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12358","display_name":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","score":0.47360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm-kernel-shell","display_name":"palm kernel shell","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-kinetics","display_name":"pyrolysis kinetics","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-decomposition","display_name":"thermal decomposition","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-isothermal-thermogravimetry","display_name":"non-isothermal thermogravimetry","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-energy","display_name":"activation energy","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sestak-berggren-model","display_name":"Sestak-Berggren model","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignocellulosic-biomass","display_name":"lignocellulosic biomass","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemicellulose","display_name":"hemicellulose","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose","display_name":"cellulose","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin","display_name":"lignin","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devolatilization","display_name":"devolatilization","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoconversional-methods","display_name":"model-free kinetics","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776073808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407490","display_name":"Hemicellulose","level":3,"score":0.9281700849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95121573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474","display_name":"Activation energy","level":2,"score":0.6858577728271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.6408944725990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160434732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2611095","display_name":"Thermal decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6273714900016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6077134013175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.5813400149345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7128104","display_name":"Palm kernel","level":3,"score":0.5705570578575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817","display_name":"Lignin","level":2,"score":0.5434212684631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133347239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486921","display_name":"Isothermal process","level":2,"score":0.4806991219520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135502975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904041","display_name":"Order of reaction","level":4,"score":0.478130966424942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47390472888946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65024703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373406","display_name":"Reaction mechanism","level":3,"score":0.46871891617774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.4515390694141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175113610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394849","display_name":"Reaction rate","level":3,"score":0.41138219833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3670274317264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3599892556667328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.34306591749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93391505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658700","display_name":"Reaction rate constant","level":3,"score":0.27114126086235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2332470715045929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1835738718509674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.08636799454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0785822868347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1642642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186136","display_name":"Biofuels","issn_l":"1759-7269","issn":["1759-7269","1759-7277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biofuels","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8485000133514404,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W891926685","https://openalex.org/W1964740351","https://openalex.org/W1969370363","https://openalex.org/W1969945203","https://openalex.org/W1976038297","https://openalex.org/W1979737379","https://openalex.org/W1983725863","https://openalex.org/W1987191460","https://openalex.org/W1987319760","https://openalex.org/W1992637274","https://openalex.org/W2008854263","https://openalex.org/W2009461658","https://openalex.org/W2010997762","https://openalex.org/W2012257367","https://openalex.org/W2014072902","https://openalex.org/W2018547075","https://openalex.org/W2025556263","https://openalex.org/W2027468719","https://openalex.org/W2041005776","https://openalex.org/W2041120100","https://openalex.org/W2041872108","https://openalex.org/W2052953969","https://openalex.org/W2056313043","https://openalex.org/W2058899697","https://openalex.org/W2059762428","https://openalex.org/W2061154941","https://openalex.org/W2063431185","https://openalex.org/W2065167534","https://openalex.org/W2066890441","https://openalex.org/W2070534223","https://openalex.org/W2073552888","https://openalex.org/W2073719490","https://openalex.org/W2084122716","https://openalex.org/W2090695143","https://openalex.org/W2103199339","https://openalex.org/W2110885532","https://openalex.org/W2124506765","https://openalex.org/W2130943491","https://openalex.org/W2141046206","https://openalex.org/W2143903688","https://openalex.org/W2144503999","https://openalex.org/W2160941405","https://openalex.org/W2165158499","https://openalex.org/W2208313037","https://openalex.org/W2302520025","https://openalex.org/W2330847104","https://openalex.org/W2460912574","https://openalex.org/W2560964818","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2597233782","https://openalex.org/W2748436389","https://openalex.org/W2766994199","https://openalex.org/W2802176158","https://openalex.org/W2803046092","https://openalex.org/W2929292416","https://openalex.org/W2953096956","https://openalex.org/W3188187218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070534223","https://openalex.org/W1997058610","https://openalex.org/W3014908256","https://openalex.org/W2185568489","https://openalex.org/W4283687870","https://openalex.org/W2312782841","https://openalex.org/W3021901237","https://openalex.org/W2597233782","https://openalex.org/W3006041977","https://openalex.org/W4206776651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,119],"thermal":[1],"decomposition":[2,27,120],"behaviours":[3],"of":[4,20,121],"palm":[5],"kernel":[6],"shells":[7],"(PKS)":[8],"under":[9],"non-isothermal":[10],"conditions":[11],"were":[12,89,106,140],"investigated":[13],"using":[14,54],"the":[15,43,47,55,70,77,97,133],"thermogravimetric":[16],"analyser.":[17],"A":[18],"comparison":[19],"model-free":[21],"and":[22,31,58,87,104,113,135,145],"model-fitting":[23],"methods":[24,33,148],"for":[25,101],"PKS":[26,71],"was":[28,52,74],"performed.":[29],"Differential":[30],"integral":[32],"used":[34],"showed":[35,64],"an":[36],"increase":[37],"in":[38,130],"apparent":[39],"activation":[40,99,154],"energy":[41,100],"with":[42,125,162],"conversion.":[44],"Besides":[45],"that,":[46],"global":[48],"single":[49],"reaction":[50,56,78],"mechanism":[51,73],"evaluated":[53],"order":[57,79],"Sestak-Berggren":[59],"models.":[60],"Curve":[61],"fitting":[62],"results":[63],"that":[65,69],"Sestak-Berggren\u2019s":[66],"model":[67,159],"demonstrated":[68],"pyrolysis":[72],"better":[75],"than":[76],"model.":[80],"components,":[82],"namely":[83],"moisture,":[84],"hemicellulose,":[85],"cellulose,":[86,103],"lignin":[88,122],"found":[90],"to":[91,132],"decompose":[92],"simultaneously.":[93],"From":[94],"Kissinger\u2019s":[95],"method,":[96],"average":[98],"devolatilisation,":[102],"hemicellulose":[105,134],"24.65":[107],"kJ":[108,111,115],"mol\u22121,":[109,112],"78.98":[110],"183.07":[114],"mol\u22121":[116],",":[117],"respectively.":[118],"occurred":[123],"slowly,":[124],"a":[126],"slower":[127],"conversion":[128],"rate":[129],"contrast":[131],"cellulose":[136],"components.HighlightsPKS":[137],"pyrolytic":[138],"kinetics":[139],"studied":[141],"through":[142],"KAS,":[143],"FWO":[144],"Friedman":[146],"methods.Model-free":[147],"can":[149],"predict":[150],"lignocellulosic":[151],"biomass":[152],"components":[153],"energies":[155],"well.The":[156],"three":[157],"independent-parallel-reaction":[158],"fits":[160],"well":[161],"experimental":[163],"data.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}