{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962814950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","title":"Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome","display_name":"Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962814950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","mag":"2962814950","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31334568","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6646953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","pdf_url":"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004477.pub3/pdf/full","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172715","display_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1361-6137","issn":["1361-6137","1464-780X","1465-184X","1465-1858","1469-493X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004477.pub3/pdf/full","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078997405","display_name":"Sharon R Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-3962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-3962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673572","display_name":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/056nq0726","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172622728","https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon R Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Lancaster Patient Safety Research Unit; Pointer Court 1, Ashton Road Lancaster UK LA1 4RP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Lancaster Patient Safety Research Unit; Pointer Court 1, Ashton Road Lancaster UK LA1 4RP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020383940","display_name":"Michael Pritchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-5016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-5016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673572","display_name":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/056nq0726","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172622728","https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael W Pritchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Lancaster Patient Safety Research Unit; Pointer Court 1, Ashton Road Lancaster UK LA1 4RP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Lancaster Patient Safety Research Unit; Pointer Court 1, Ashton Road Lancaster UK LA1 4RP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085216817","display_name":"Carmel Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15704514","display_name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05sb89p83","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15704514"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmel M Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Research and Innovation; Harrop House Prestwich Manchester UK M25 3BL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Research and Innovation; Harrop House Prestwich Manchester UK M25 3BL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15704514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080988039","display_name":"Andrew F Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-9764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-9764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673572","display_name":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/056nq0726","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172622728","https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew F Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Department of Anaesthesia; Ashton Road Lancaster Lancashire UK LA1 4RP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Lancaster Infirmary; Department of Anaesthesia; Ashton Road Lancaster Lancashire UK LA1 4RP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":203,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97930241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"CD004477","last_page":"CD004477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surfactants","display_name":"surfactants","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylcysteine","display_name":"N-acetylcysteine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-adrenergic-agonists","display_name":"beta-adrenergic agonists","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"acute respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ards-mortality","display_name":"ARDS mortality","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-to-work","display_name":"return to work","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-therapy","display_name":"pharmacotherapy","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-lung-injury","display_name":"acute lung injury","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levosimendan","display_name":"levosimendan","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-csf","display_name":"GM-CSF","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909621147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"Acute respiratory distress","level":3,"score":0.7066061496734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.5665340423583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5065504312515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.45745551586151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.4532549977302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4307734966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23141470551490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.21818551421165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.14142584800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.12486961483955383}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009466","descriptor_name":"Neuromuscular Blocking Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011663","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Surfactants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012128","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012128","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","pdf_url":"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004477.pub3/pdf/full","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172715","display_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1361-6137","issn":["1361-6137","1464-780X","1465-184X","1465-1858","1469-493X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6646953","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6646953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31334568","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31334568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/7c9edc20-b828-4dc9-9b3d-b2c155299084","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/7c9edc20-b828-4dc9-9b3d-b2c155299084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lewis, S R, Pritchard, M W, Thomas, C M & Smith, A F 2019, 'Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 7, CD004477, pp. 1-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004477.pub3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004477.pub3","pdf_url":"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004477.pub3/pdf/full","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172715","display_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1361-6137","issn":["1361-6137","1464-780X","1465-184X","1465-1858","1469-493X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962814950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962814950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":161,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33144872","https://openalex.org/W143057994","https://openalex.org/W1486881421","https://openalex.org/W1531410800","https://openalex.org/W1574142349","https://openalex.org/W1583083564","https://openalex.org/W1712777744","https://openalex.org/W1803784511","https://openalex.org/W1860629006","https://openalex.org/W1903803846","https://openalex.org/W1910082990","https://openalex.org/W1915023341","https://openalex.org/W1922132282","https://openalex.org/W1942737349","https://openalex.org/W1948064258","https://openalex.org/W1953377094","https://openalex.org/W1964493140","https://openalex.org/W1967192275","https://openalex.org/W1971305507","https://openalex.org/W1971696195","https://openalex.org/W1973986624","https://openalex.org/W1978297748","https://openalex.org/W1978960863","https://openalex.org/W1982398009","https://openalex.org/W1983881370","https://openalex.org/W1983969834","https://openalex.org/W1985186772","https://openalex.org/W1986676330","https://openalex.org/W1987200489","https://openalex.org/W1995791267","https://openalex.org/W1999319544","https://openalex.org/W1999570316","https://openalex.org/W1999878307","https://openalex.org/W2000160778","https://openalex.org/W2004799385","https://openalex.org/W2005357317","https://openalex.org/W2006474258","https://openalex.org/W2006623674","https://openalex.org/W2008467867","https://openalex.org/W2011896559","https://openalex.org/W2012744311","https://openalex.org/W2020711318","https://openalex.org/W2034864517","https://openalex.org/W2037159487","https://openalex.org/W2037459166","https://openalex.org/W2037727493","https://openalex.org/W2041017075","https://openalex.org/W2044499706","https://openalex.org/W2046612706","https://openalex.org/W2049520371","https://openalex.org/W2052523146","https://openalex.org/W2064718903","https://openalex.org/W2064927551","https://openalex.org/W2069786700","https://openalex.org/W2074488392","https://openalex.org/W2074550595","https://openalex.org/W2075861522","https://openalex.org/W2082664378","https://openalex.org/W2084580566","https://openalex.org/W2087203965","https://openalex.org/W2090132603","https://openalex.org/W2090385997","https://openalex.org/W2093043874","https://openalex.org/W2093852073","https://openalex.org/W2096503141","https://openalex.org/W2098951785","https://openalex.org/W2102501066","https://openalex.org/W2105232700","https://openalex.org/W2106024919","https://openalex.org/W2106410542","https://openalex.org/W2115186092","https://openalex.org/W2115353438","https://openalex.org/W2118583447","https://openalex.org/W2118858814","https://openalex.org/W2126209705","https://openalex.org/W2133933468","https://openalex.org/W2134236426","https://openalex.org/W2134401145","https://openalex.org/W2136798713","https://openalex.org/W2138201661","https://openalex.org/W2140229413","https://openalex.org/W2140801769","https://openalex.org/W2146431700","https://openalex.org/W2150866864","https://openalex.org/W2155341761","https://openalex.org/W2155830484","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2161328469","https://openalex.org/W2162351245","https://openalex.org/W2162669891","https://openalex.org/W2163329325","https://openalex.org/W2169421618","https://openalex.org/W2169792884","https://openalex.org/W2169993347","https://openalex.org/W2182489659","https://openalex.org/W2223339074","https://openalex.org/W2255985960","https://openalex.org/W2261182036","https://openalex.org/W2277299548","https://openalex.org/W2286228001","https://openalex.org/W2290122435","https://openalex.org/W2314787815","https://openalex.org/W2320873518","https://openalex.org/W2322160824","https://openalex.org/W2322392387","https://openalex.org/W2327500249","https://openalex.org/W2333411966","https://openalex.org/W2333620606","https://openalex.org/W2334287534","https://openalex.org/W2393417230","https://openalex.org/W2401406171","https://openalex.org/W2407965235","https://openalex.org/W2410145066","https://openalex.org/W2415050780","https://openalex.org/W2460724538","https://openalex.org/W2461163170","https://openalex.org/W2474116996","https://openalex.org/W2480489993","https://openalex.org/W2530180760","https://openalex.org/W2553067193","https://openalex.org/W2556778577","https://openalex.org/W2564354343","https://openalex.org/W2565442124","https://openalex.org/W2568996901","https://openalex.org/W2590319184","https://openalex.org/W2595373009","https://openalex.org/W2597070792","https://openalex.org/W2598361884","https://openalex.org/W2608308984","https://openalex.org/W2615283126","https://openalex.org/W2615599800","https://openalex.org/W2620241325","https://openalex.org/W2730059444","https://openalex.org/W2741355944","https://openalex.org/W2743181263","https://openalex.org/W2749421596","https://openalex.org/W2753321278","https://openalex.org/W2768119564","https://openalex.org/W2788276097","https://openalex.org/W2788491809","https://openalex.org/W2791260348","https://openalex.org/W2795019109","https://openalex.org/W2887066076","https://openalex.org/W2887841170","https://openalex.org/W2901220228","https://openalex.org/W2910990369","https://openalex.org/W2941481575","https://openalex.org/W3024483427","https://openalex.org/W3027779988","https://openalex.org/W4211036010","https://openalex.org/W4211258033","https://openalex.org/W4234679968","https://openalex.org/W4237336256","https://openalex.org/W4248053214","https://openalex.org/W4250472120","https://openalex.org/W4252604534","https://openalex.org/W4294658238","https://openalex.org/W4321428372","https://openalex.org/W6702560208","https://openalex.org/W6714534663","https://openalex.org/W6731355506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W852106759","https://openalex.org/W2071016611","https://openalex.org/W2090011342","https://openalex.org/W2159759745","https://openalex.org/W1971189120","https://openalex.org/W2266106903","https://openalex.org/W3048971609","https://openalex.org/W2017715499","https://openalex.org/W4252604534","https://openalex.org/W78203264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Acute":[1],"respiratory":[2],"distress":[3],"syndrome":[4],"(ARDS)":[5],"is":[6,34,39],"a":[7,43,824,971],"life-threatening":[8],"condition":[9],"caused":[10],"by":[11,367,796],"direct":[12,234],"or":[13,123,249,357,425,447,506,518,527,544,587,603,649,692,699,718,738,786,807,865,868,883,908,925,936,941],"indirect":[14,236],"injury":[15],"to":[16,71,73,126,163,327,378,404,413,428,441,448,461,473,487,501,508,510,530,538,556,579,590,597,604,608,618,652,668,688,702,710,719,726,741,751,768,833,842,859,871,875,916,965,974],"the":[17,56,195,245,250,277,281,383,389,414,449,569,812,816,843,895,951,957,976],"lungs.":[18],"Despite":[19],"improvements":[20],"in":[21,30,51,61,280,772,826,894,932],"clinical":[22,93],"management":[23],"(for":[24],"example,":[25],"lung":[26,164,223,268],"protection":[27,165,269],"strategies),":[28],"mortality":[29,363,431,532,550,704,785,795,827,931],"this":[31,47,172,658,954],"patient":[32],"group":[33],"at":[35,75,512,929],"approximately":[36],"40%.":[37],"This":[38],"an":[40,819],"update":[41],"of":[42,46,58,103,135,161,191,197,229,247,252,256,274,333,345,391,451,503,571,610,627,681,743,818,905,938,953,961,980],"previous":[44],"version":[45],"review,":[48],"last":[49],"published":[50,156],"2004.":[52],"OBJECTIVES:":[53],"To":[54],"evaluate":[55],"effectiveness":[57],"pharmacological":[59,118],"agents":[60,119,275,293],"adults":[62,128],"with":[63,120,129,169,199,207,217,480,918,934],"ARDS":[64,170,219,230,962],"on":[65,87,978],"mortality,":[66,654,679,903],"mechanical":[67,452,572,682,744,906,939],"ventilation,":[68,142,683,907,940],"and":[69,85,96,99,106,147,150,188,235,254,287,322,336,347,394,888],"fitness":[70,507],"return":[72,509],"work":[74,511],"12":[76,513],"months.":[77],"SEARCH":[78],"METHODS:":[79],"We":[80,91,111,132,153,193,203,238,289,467,624,759,912],"searched":[81,92],"CENTRAL,":[82],"MEDLINE,":[83],"Embase,":[84],"CINAHL":[86],"10":[88],"December":[89],"2018.":[90],"trials":[94,115,134],"registers":[95],"grey":[97],"literature,":[98],"handsearched":[100],"reference":[101],"lists":[102],"included":[104,112,204,214,227,271,290],"studies":[105,155,183,226,264,335,496,638,675,781,899,946],"related":[107],"reviews.":[108],"SELECTION":[109],"CRITERIA:":[110],"randomized":[113],"controlled":[114],"(RCTs)":[116],"comparing":[117],"control":[121],"(placebo":[122],"standard":[124,358,519],"therapy)":[125],"treat":[127],"established":[130],"ARDS.":[131],"excluded":[133,154],"nitric":[136],"oxide,":[137],"inhaled":[138],"prostacyclins,":[139,315],"partial":[140],"liquid":[141],"neuromuscular":[143],"blocking":[144],"agents,":[145],"fluid":[146],"nutritional":[148],"interventions":[149],"medical":[151],"oxygen.":[152],"earlier":[157],"than":[158,433],"2000,":[159],"because":[160,255,630,655,775],"changes":[162],"strategies":[166],"for":[167,184,243,330,339,348,764],"people":[168,933],"since":[171],"date.":[173],"DATA":[174],"COLLECTION":[175],"AND":[176],"ANALYSIS:":[177],"Two":[178],"review":[179],"authors":[180],"independently":[181],"assessed":[182,189,194,632,657],"inclusion,":[185],"extracted":[186],"data,":[187],"risks":[190,344],"bias.":[192],"certainty":[196,919],"evidence":[198,662,915],"GRADE.":[200],"MAIN":[201],"RESULTS:":[202],"48":[205],"RCTs":[206],"6299":[208],"participants":[209,216],"who":[210],"had":[211,265],"ARDS;":[212],"two":[213],"only":[215],"mild":[218],"(also":[220],"called":[221],"acute":[222],"injury).":[224],"Most":[225],"causes":[228],"that":[231,469],"were":[232,260,927],"both":[233,392],"injuries.":[237],"noted":[239],"differences":[240,351],"between":[241,352,886],"studies,":[242,407,464,490,541,600,621,713,729,836,862],"example":[244],"time":[246],"administration":[248],"size":[251],"dose,":[253],"unclear":[257],"reporting":[258],"we":[259,418,563,631,656,847],"uncertain":[261,420,522,565,626,644,849],"whether":[262,421,523,545,566,645,850,920],"all":[263],"used":[266,325],"equivalent":[267],"strategies.We":[270],"five":[272],"types":[273],"as":[276,373,375,634,659,802,804,821,823],"primary":[278],"comparisons":[279],"review:":[282],"corticosteroids,":[283,921],"surfactants,":[284,922],"N-acetylcysteine,":[285,923],"statins,":[286,924],"beta-agonists.":[288],"15":[291],"additional":[292],"(sivelestat,":[294],"mesenchymal":[295],"stem":[296],"cells,":[297],"ulinastatin,":[298],"anisodimine,":[299],"angiotensin-converting":[300],"enzyme":[301],"(ACE)":[302],"inhibitor,":[303],"recombinant":[304],"human":[305],"ACE2":[306],"(palifermin),":[307],"AP301,":[308],"granulocyte-macrophage":[309],"colony":[310],"stimulating":[311],"factor":[312],"(GM-CSF),":[313],"levosimendan,":[314],"lisofylline,":[316],"ketaconazole,":[317],"nitroglycerins,":[318],"L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic":[319],"acid":[320],"(OTZ),":[321],"penehyclidine":[323],"hydrochloride).We":[324],"GRADE":[326],"downgrade":[328],"outcomes":[329],"imprecision":[331],"(because":[332],"few":[334,337],"participants),":[338,446,543,584,602,864],"study":[340,353,504,611,689,769,774,876,880,890],"limitations":[341],"(e.g.":[342,350],"high":[343],"bias)":[346],"inconsistency":[349],"data).Corticosteroids":[354],"versus":[355,516,641,694,788],"placebo":[356,517,789],"therapyCorticosteroids":[359],"may":[360,477,735,949],"reduce":[361,547,568],"all-cause":[362,430,549,678,784,902],"within":[364],"three":[365,434],"months":[366,514],"86":[368],"per":[369,798],"1000":[370,799],"patients":[371,800],"(with":[372,801],"many":[374,803],"161":[376],"fewer":[377,809],"19":[379],"more":[380,806,892],"deaths);":[381,810],"however,":[382,811],"95%":[384,401,438,458,484,535,553,576,594,615,665,707,723,748,813,830,856],"confidence":[385],"interval":[386],"(CI)":[387],"includes":[388,815],"possibility":[390,817],"increased":[393],"reduced":[395],"deaths":[396],"(risk":[397],"ratio":[398],"(RR)":[399],"0.77,":[400],"CI":[402,439,459,485,536,554,577,595,616,666,708,724,749,814,831,857],"0.57":[403],"1.05;":[405],"6":[406],"574":[408],"participants;":[409,492,715,731,756,838],"low-certainty":[410,416,493,661,757,845],"evidence).":[411,494,733,758,840],"Due":[412,841],"very":[415,635,660,844],"evidence,":[417,846],"are":[419,521,564,625,643,848,963],"corticosteroids":[422,481],"make":[423,525,585,697,736,866],"little":[424,526,586,648,698,737,867,882],"no":[426,528,588,650,700,739,869,884],"difference":[427,455,529,589,651,701,740,870,885],"late":[429,548,677,783,901],"(later":[432],"months)":[435],"(RR":[436,533,551,613,663,705,828],"0.99,":[437,706],"0.64":[440],"1.52;":[442,727],"1":[443,558,581,670,753],"study,":[444,559,582,671,754],"180":[445],"duration":[450,570,680,742,904,937],"ventilation":[453,573,745],"(mean":[454],"(MD)":[456],"-4.30,":[457],"-9.72":[460],"1.12;":[462],"3":[463,712,728,835,861],"277":[465],"participants).":[466,561,623,673],"found":[468,913],"ventilator-free":[470,943],"days":[471],"up":[472],"day":[474],"28":[475],"(VFD)":[476],"be":[478],"improved":[479],"(MD":[482,574,592,721,746,854],"4.09,":[483],"1.74":[486],"6.44;":[488],"4":[489],"494":[491],"No":[495,637,674,780,898],"reported":[497,639,676,782,881,891,900],"adverse":[498,605,685,765,872],"events":[499,606,686,766,873,893],"leading":[500,607,687,767,874],"discontinuation":[502,609,771,878],"medication,":[505],"(FTR).Surfactants":[515],"therapyWe":[520],"surfactants":[524,567],"early":[531,653,703,794],"1.08,":[534],"0.91":[537,832],"1.29;":[539],"9":[540],"1338":[542],"they":[546],"1.28,":[552],"1.01":[555],"1.61;":[557],"418":[560],"Similarly,":[562],"-2.50,":[575],"-4.95":[578],"-0.05;":[580],"16":[583],"VFD":[591,720,853],"-0.39,":[593],"-2.49":[596],"1.72;":[598],"2":[599,620],"344":[601],"medication":[612],"0.50,":[614],"0.17":[617],"1.44;":[619],"88":[622],"these":[628],"effects":[629],"them":[633],"low-certainty.":[636],"FTR.N-aceytylcysteine":[640],"placeboWe":[642],"N-acetylcysteine":[646],"makes":[647],"0.64,":[664],"0.32":[667],"1.30;":[669],"36":[672],"VFD,":[684],"drug":[690,770,877],"discontinuation,":[691],"FTR.Statins":[693],"placeboStatins":[695],"probably":[696,791],"0.78":[709],"1.26;":[711],"1344":[714],"moderate-certainty":[716,732,839],"evidence)":[717],"0.40,":[722],"-0.71":[725],"1342":[730],"Statins":[734],"2.70,":[747],"-3.55":[750],"8.95;":[752],"60":[755],"could":[760],"not":[761],"include":[762],"data":[763],"one":[773,889],"it":[776],"was":[777],"unclearly":[778],"reported.":[779],"FTR.Beta-agonists":[787],"controlBeta-blockers":[790],"slightly":[792],"increase":[793,820,852],"40":[797],"119":[805],"25":[808],"well":[822],"reduction":[825],"1.14,":[829],"1.42;":[834],"646":[837,863],"beta-agonists":[851,926],"-2.20,":[855],"-3.68":[858],"-0.71;":[860],"(one":[879],"groups,":[887],"beta-agonist":[896],"group).":[897],"FTR.":[909],"AUTHORS'":[910],"CONCLUSIONS:":[911],"insufficient":[914],"determine":[917],"effective":[928],"reducing":[930],"ARDS,":[935],"increasing":[942],"days.":[944],"Three":[945],"awaiting":[947],"classification":[948],"alter":[950],"conclusions":[952],"review.":[955],"As":[956],"potential":[958],"long-term":[959],"consequences":[960],"important":[964],"survivors,":[966],"future":[967],"research":[968],"should":[969],"incorporate":[970],"longer":[972],"follow-up":[973],"measure":[975],"impacts":[977],"quality":[979],"life.":[981]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
