{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962784560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","title":"Robust regression for optimal individualized treatment rules","display_name":"Robust regression for optimal individualized treatment rules","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962784560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","mag":"2962784560","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740747","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6449186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sim.8102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55189604","display_name":"Statistics in Medicine","issn_l":"0277-6715","issn":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6449186","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W. Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-0555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-0555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina","W. Xiao, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-0555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Xiao, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080955712","display_name":"Hao Helen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-3329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-3329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. H. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059203764","display_name":"Wenbin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-4755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-4755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-4755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88668213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"11","first_page":"2059","last_page":"2073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-regression","display_name":"robust regression","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-functions","display_name":"loss functions","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinball-loss","display_name":"pinball loss","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-quantiles","display_name":"conditional quantiles","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-tailed-errors","display_name":"heavy-tailed errors","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outliers","display_name":"outliers","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"consistency","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptotic-normality","display_name":"asymptotic normality","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment response heterogeneity","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5761258602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547034740447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.46228742599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3842388391494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3279309868812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2659221589565277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2505154013633728}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002985","descriptor_name":"Clinical Protocols","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057285","descriptor_name":"Precision Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/sim.8102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55189604","display_name":"Statistics in Medicine","issn_l":"0277-6715","issn":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30740747","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5495579","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6449186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6449186","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6449186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stat Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1604.03648","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.03648","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.03648","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1604.03648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.03648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.03648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5495579","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6449186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718744824","display_name":"Statistical Methods for Cancer Clinical Trials","funder_award_id":"P01CA142538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6710005501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1740858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27306700","https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1622753297","https://openalex.org/W1994857208","https://openalex.org/W1999245624","https://openalex.org/W2000239378","https://openalex.org/W2022103609","https://openalex.org/W2024217574","https://openalex.org/W2024566912","https://openalex.org/W2039811614","https://openalex.org/W2045509016","https://openalex.org/W2061591492","https://openalex.org/W2064097590","https://openalex.org/W2066153095","https://openalex.org/W2084832142","https://openalex.org/W2096904991","https://openalex.org/W2099396088","https://openalex.org/W2106298710","https://openalex.org/W2113260335","https://openalex.org/W2116034036","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2165612525","https://openalex.org/W2168551972","https://openalex.org/W2230142717","https://openalex.org/W2314467091","https://openalex.org/W2328813481","https://openalex.org/W2708031219","https://openalex.org/W2950861779","https://openalex.org/W2952687041","https://openalex.org/W3125092920","https://openalex.org/W6675338981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907213040","https://openalex.org/W4396747497","https://openalex.org/W4400453900","https://openalex.org/W2164985671","https://openalex.org/W3135886865","https://openalex.org/W2588751229","https://openalex.org/W3024247729","https://openalex.org/W1994857208","https://openalex.org/W3174013489","https://openalex.org/W3003899899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"different":[1],"patients":[2],"may":[3],"respond":[4],"quite":[5],"differently":[6],"to":[7,30,39,61,69,137],"the":[8,40,63,74,76,84,108,116,121,126,132,146,155],"same":[9],"drug":[10],"or":[11,96],"treatment,":[12],"there":[13,25],"is":[14,26,163],"an":[15,27,170,173],"increasing":[16],"interest":[17],"in":[18,73,83,98],"discovering":[19],"individualized":[20,33,65,142],"treatment":[21,34,66,143],"rules.":[22,67],"In":[23,44],"particular,":[24],"emerging":[28],"need":[29],"find":[31],"optimal":[32,64,141],"rules,":[35],"which":[36,135],"would":[37],"lead":[38],"\"best\"":[41],"clinical":[42],"outcome.":[43],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"a":[49,105,138],"new":[50,77,117],"class":[51],"of":[52,107,131,154,172],"loss":[53,123],"functions":[54],"and":[55,81,151,169],"estimators":[56,78,157],"based":[57],"on":[58],"robust":[59,90,103,140],"regression":[60],"estimate":[62],"Compared":[68],"existing":[70],"estimation":[71],"methods":[72],"literature,":[75],"are":[79,89,102,158],"novel":[80],"advantageous":[82],"following":[85],"aspects.":[86],"First,":[87],"they":[88,101],"against":[91,104],"skewed,":[92],"heterogeneous,":[93],"heavy-tailed":[94],"errors":[95],"outliers":[97],"data.":[99],"Second,":[100],"misspecification":[106],"baseline":[109],"function.":[110],"Third,":[111],"under":[112],"some":[113],"general":[114],"situations,":[115],"estimator":[118],"coupled":[119],"with":[120],"pinball":[122],"approximately":[124],"maximizes":[125],"outcome's":[127],"conditional":[128,133],"quantile":[129],"instead":[130],"mean,":[134],"leads":[136],"more":[139],"rule":[144],"than":[145],"traditional":[147],"mean-based":[148],"estimators.":[149],"Consistency":[150],"asymptotic":[152],"normality":[153],"proposed":[156],"established.":[159],"Their":[160],"empirical":[161],"performance":[162],"demonstrated":[164],"via":[165],"extensive":[166],"simulation":[167],"studies":[168],"analysis":[171],"AIDS":[174],"data":[175],"set.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}