{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962010354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","title":"Variations as Activity Patterns: A Basis for Project Planning in PGE \u2013 Product Generation Engineering","display_name":"Variations as Activity Patterns: A Basis for Project Planning in PGE \u2013 Product Generation Engineering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962010354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","mag":"2962010354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221282711930962X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898565713","display_name":"Procedia CIRP","issn_l":"2212-8271","issn":["2212-8271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia CIRP","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221282711930962X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005025136","display_name":"Albert Albers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-704X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-704X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Albers","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010104572","display_name":"Simon Rapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-8250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-8250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Rapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076683841","display_name":"Natalie Peglow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Peglow","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059042072","display_name":"Tobias St\u00fcrmlinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias St\u00fcrmlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083935470","display_name":"Jonas Heimicke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Heimicke","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050767310","display_name":"Friedrich Wattenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich Wattenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022984573","display_name":"H. Wessels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Wessels","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPEK \u2013 Institute of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010104572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3638,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9287828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":null,"first_page":"966","last_page":"972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-generation-engineering","display_name":"product generation engineering","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation-modeling","display_name":"variation modeling","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-systems","display_name":"reference systems","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-planning","display_name":"project planning","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-planning","display_name":"process planning","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-potential","display_name":"innovation potential","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"new product development","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7725172638893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6305667161941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.6023563146591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5010776519775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4979526996612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46709388494491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4364721477031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.41854536533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41423851251602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.37657299637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3590998649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3500049114227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18341529369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.13170266151428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10283616185188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221282711930962X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898565713","display_name":"Procedia CIRP","issn_l":"2212-8271","issn":["2212-8271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia CIRP","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.314","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221282711930962X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898565713","display_name":"Procedia CIRP","issn_l":"2212-8271","issn":["2212-8271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia CIRP","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962010354.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962010354.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W264421002","https://openalex.org/W1512382277","https://openalex.org/W1594340493","https://openalex.org/W1991390867","https://openalex.org/W2092238922","https://openalex.org/W2095462004","https://openalex.org/W2114309917","https://openalex.org/W2276567842","https://openalex.org/W2468489064","https://openalex.org/W2501839370","https://openalex.org/W2509803257","https://openalex.org/W2591508375","https://openalex.org/W2592715712","https://openalex.org/W2720256308","https://openalex.org/W2734506432","https://openalex.org/W2794166501","https://openalex.org/W4231137732","https://openalex.org/W4235836444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921420683","https://openalex.org/W3197724540","https://openalex.org/W3035053146","https://openalex.org/W3167121663","https://openalex.org/W2978999275","https://openalex.org/W2804052514","https://openalex.org/W2562222672","https://openalex.org/W3166604491","https://openalex.org/W2610906252","https://openalex.org/W6894370550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,100,109,207],"model":[1],"of":[2,11,48,65,80,82,87,90,106,122,143,148,159,178,204,213,222,228,234,243,254,263,265,271,286],"PGE":[3,217,257],"\u2013":[4,111],"Product":[5,113],"Generation":[6],"Engineering":[7],"describes":[8,116],"the":[9,26,39,44,63,66,104,117,137,140,146,153,166,211,232,241,269],"development":[10,59,79,118,197,284],"new":[12,50,58,70,75,107],"technical":[13,23,71],"products":[14],"as":[15,38,54,119,245],"follows:":[16],"subsystems":[17,47,84],"from":[18,196],"one":[19,86],"or":[20,52,130],"more":[21],"existing":[22],"systems":[24],"are":[25,103,162],"basis":[27,56],"and":[28,46,97,128,145,181,199,300],"starting":[29],"point":[30],"for":[31,57],"every":[32],"development.":[33,108],"This":[34,134],"is":[35,73,85,250,258,303],"referred":[36],"to":[37,164,186,260],"\u201creference":[40],"system\u201d.":[41],"It":[42],"determines":[43],"structure":[45],"a":[49,55,69,74,120,261],"product":[51,72,76,149,160,179,223,266],"serves":[53],"activities,":[60,123],"respectively.":[61],"Considering":[62],"role":[64],"reference":[67],"system,":[68],"generation.":[77],"each":[81,214,252],"its":[83],"three":[88,141],"types":[89,142],"variation:":[91],"carry":[92],"over":[93],"variation,":[94],"embodiment":[95],"variation":[96,144,215,255],"principle":[98],"variation.":[99,235],"latter":[101],"two":[102,200],"share":[105],"iPeM":[110],"integrated":[112],"engineering":[114,161,180,267],"Model":[115],"combination":[121],"e.g.":[124],"\u201cdetect":[125],"ideas\u201d,":[126],"\u201cverify":[127],"validate\u201d":[129],"\u201cbuilt":[131],"up":[132,190],"prototype\u201d.":[133],"contribution":[135],"investigates":[136],"relation":[138],"between":[139,176],"activities":[147,158,177,221,229,264],"engineering,":[150],"by":[151,202],"answering":[152],"following":[154],"research":[155],"questions:":[156],"\u2022Which":[157,171],"necessary":[163],"implement":[165],"different":[167,220],"variations":[168,182,244],"in":[169,183,216,256],"PGE?":[170,184],"factors":[172,277],"influence":[173],"this":[174,205,226,287],"relationship":[175],"Answers":[185],"these":[187,272],"questions":[188],"build":[189],"on":[191,231,275],"interviews":[192],"with":[193],"eleven":[194],"experts":[195],"practice":[198],"cases":[201],"authors":[203],"contribution.":[206],"results":[208],"show":[209],"that":[210],"implementation":[212],"includes":[218],"several":[219,283],"engineering.":[224],"Furthermore,":[225],"set":[227,262],"depends":[230],"type":[233,253],"Taking":[236],"into":[237],"account":[238],"additional":[239],"observations":[240],"idea":[242],"company":[246],"specific":[247],"activity":[248,292],"patterns":[249,293],"developed:":[251],"related":[259],"where":[268],"characteristics":[270],"relations":[273],"depend":[274],"company-specific":[276],"but":[278],"can":[279],"be":[280],"similar":[281],"across":[282],"projects":[285],"company.":[288],"Hence,":[289],"using":[290],"those":[291],"process":[294],"planning,":[295],"including":[296],"innovative":[297],"potential,":[298],"cost":[299],"risk":[301],"estimation,":[302],"possible.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}