{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2961431987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","title":"Collaborative research in modern era: Need and challenges","display_name":"Collaborative research in modern era: Need and challenges","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2961431987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","mag":"2961431987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31391680","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6644188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112348374","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0253-7613","issn":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6644188/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022950768","display_name":"Bikash Medhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-641X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-641X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-7052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bikash Medhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035889335","display_name":"Seema Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-0004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-0004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seema Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059516771","display_name":"Saniya Mahendiratta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saniya Mahendiratta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666755","display_name":"Subodh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-387X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-387X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subodh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027038081","display_name":"Phulen Sarma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phulen Sarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082118632","display_name":"Ajay Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-8482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-8482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022950768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"3","first_page":"137","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12766","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12766","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13726","display_name":"International Science and Diplomacy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-collaboration","display_name":"research collaboration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenges-of-collaboration","display_name":"challenges of collaboration","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-period","display_name":"modern period","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4295249581336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4056834876537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29643702507019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1318252682685852}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000075762","descriptor_name":"Interdisciplinary Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_394_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112348374","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0253-7613","issn":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6644188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6644188/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6644188/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian J Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31391680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31391680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of pharmacology","raw_type":"Editorial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6644188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6644188/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6644188/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian J Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961431987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961431987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026393476","https://openalex.org/W2184851033","https://openalex.org/W2201632798","https://openalex.org/W2414823119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034021486","https://openalex.org/W123791746","https://openalex.org/W3180362754","https://openalex.org/W14794198","https://openalex.org/W4200001279","https://openalex.org/W2410444174","https://openalex.org/W1982065506","https://openalex.org/W2951895127","https://openalex.org/W2025328491","https://openalex.org/W2975352377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"critically":[1],"important":[2],"scientific":[3],"issues":[4],"or":[5,79],"innovative":[6],"technologies":[7],"can":[8,26,35,50,57,68,158],"often":[9],"be":[10,36,58],"solved":[11],"by":[12,175],"working":[13],"together":[14],"of":[15,17,23,30,100,113,119,200],"team":[16,131],"researchers":[18],"from":[19],"different":[20,24,72],"backgrounds.The":[21],"merging":[22],"fields":[25],"make":[27],"possible":[28],"achieving":[29],"incredible":[31],"goals.Collaborative":[32],"research,":[33],"therefore,":[34],"defined":[37],"as":[38,60,108],"research":[39,83,168,172],"involving":[40],"coordination":[41],"between":[42,189],"the":[43,85,117,130,144,187,195,203],"researchers,":[44],"institutions,":[45],"organizations,":[46],"and/or":[47],"communities.This":[48],"cooperation":[49],"bring":[51],"distinct":[52],"expertise":[53],"to":[54,96,177,210],"a":[55],"project.Collaboration":[56],"classified":[59],"voluntary,":[61],"consortia,":[62],"federation,":[63],"affiliation,":[64],"and":[65,67,104,110,122,124,134,139,152,162,164,179,184,192],"merger":[66],"occur":[69],"at":[70],"five":[71],"levels:":[73],"within":[74],"disciplinary,":[75],"interdisciplinary,":[76],"multi-disciplinary,":[77],"trans-disciplinary":[78],"national":[80],"vs":[81],"international.Collaborative":[82],"has":[84],"capabilities":[86],"for":[87],"exchanging":[88],"ideas":[89],"across":[90],"disciplines,":[91],"learning":[92],"new":[93],"skills,":[94],"access":[95],"funding,":[97],"higher":[98],"quality":[99],"results,":[101],"radical":[102],"benefits,":[103],"personal":[105],"factors":[106],"such":[107],"fun":[109],"pleasure.":[111],"Need":[112],"Collaborative":[114],"ResearchCollaboration":[115],"encourages":[116],"establishment":[118],"effective":[120],"communication":[121],"partnerships":[123],"also":[125,142],"offers":[126],"equal":[127],"opportunities":[128],"among":[129],"members.It":[132],"honors":[133],"respects":[135],"each":[136],"member's":[137],"individual":[138],"organizational":[140],"style.Collaboration":[141],"increases":[143],"ethical":[145],"conduct":[146],"maintaining":[147],"honesty,":[148],"integrity,":[149],"justice,":[150],"transparency,":[151],"confidentiality.":[153],"Why":[154],"Collaboration":[155],"RequiredIncreased":[156],"collaborations":[157],"save":[159],"considerable":[160],"time":[161],"money,":[163],"most":[165],"often,":[166],"breakthrough":[167],"comes":[169],"through":[170],"collaborative":[171],"rather":[173],"than":[174],"adhering":[176],"tried":[178],"true":[180],"methods.Further":[181],"legislation,":[182],"industry,":[183],"academia":[185,193],"encouraged":[186],"collaboration":[188],"private":[190],"sector":[191],"(e.g.,":[194],"Bayh-Dole":[196],"Patent":[197],"Reform":[198],"Act":[199],"1980":[201],"is":[202],"United":[204],"States":[205],"legislation":[206],"which":[207],"allowed":[208],"universities":[209],"negotiate":[211],"patent":[212],"rights":[213],"with":[214],"industrial":[215],"partners).":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}