{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2961292280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","title":"Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor","display_name":"Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2961292280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","mag":"2961292280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08760247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08760247.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055082531","display_name":"Syukron Abu Ishaq Alfarozi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-898X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-898X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syukron Abu Ishaq Alfarozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-898X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066462028","display_name":"Kitsuchart Pasupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-9888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-9888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kitsuchart Pasupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-9888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102856248","display_name":"Hiromichi Hashizume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0678-8647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0678-8647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromichi Hashizume","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002828719","display_name":"Kuntpong Woraratpanya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-4563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-4563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuntpong Woraratpanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-4563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056733127","display_name":"Masanori Sugimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-0539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-0539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Sugimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.3591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55697431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"94806","last_page":"94821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"visible light communication","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/led-flicker","display_name":"LED flicker","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wiener-filter","display_name":"Wiener filter","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol-decoding","display_name":"symbol decoding","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder-and-decoder-design","display_name":"encoder and decoder design","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6574286818504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5689332485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5651459097862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.543838620185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5426490902900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5258938670158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4280942380428314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.391667902469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.37410804629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3491145968437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27748751640319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2560712993144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1902875304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1472846269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.12191945314407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0893201231956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07263749837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08760247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d52eafd84ff349e28a6986dd0dbc5c9d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d52eafd84ff349e28a6986dd0dbc5c9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 94806-94821 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/75343","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2115/75343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400549","display_name":"Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (Hokkaido University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","host_organization_name":"Hokkaido University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01364:0007188743","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2115/75343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08760247.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2247695586","display_name":"Indoor/Outdoor Seamless Navigation by GNSS Simulation","funder_award_id":"17H01743","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5746945091","display_name":"Act-Learning Model using Real-world Sensing Data and Design of Learning Support Environment","funder_award_id":"19H04222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322716","display_name":"Japan International Cooperation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/022es3t03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323533","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324172","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961292280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961292280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W1546981087","https://openalex.org/W1964240868","https://openalex.org/W2013597494","https://openalex.org/W2030576770","https://openalex.org/W2050835902","https://openalex.org/W2054096212","https://openalex.org/W2060358508","https://openalex.org/W2073808079","https://openalex.org/W2096459413","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2101898347","https://openalex.org/W2147773521","https://openalex.org/W2198777365","https://openalex.org/W2339545726","https://openalex.org/W2399761613","https://openalex.org/W2521527722","https://openalex.org/W2565443845","https://openalex.org/W2585881134","https://openalex.org/W2757003662","https://openalex.org/W2800198077","https://openalex.org/W4246923912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986991381","https://openalex.org/W2596523355","https://openalex.org/W2807724786","https://openalex.org/W3154739095","https://openalex.org/W2771977393","https://openalex.org/W2991259303","https://openalex.org/W4225378798","https://openalex.org/W2110786977","https://openalex.org/W1546981087","https://openalex.org/W3000580608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"visible":[1],"light":[2,8,149],"communication":[3,181],"(VLC)":[4],"technologies":[5],"use":[6,30,48],"a":[7,13,17,20,38,69,75,80,135,141],"emitting":[9],"diode":[10],"(LED)":[11],"as":[12,19,37,140],"data":[14],"transmitter":[15,117],"and":[16,61,95,188],"photodiode":[18],"receiver.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,66],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"alternatively":[26],"focus":[27],"on":[28,55,74],"the":[29,46,56,59,62,97,110,116,126,132,148,154,166,176],"of":[31,49,58,99,156],"an":[32,50],"image":[33,51],"sensor":[34,52],"or":[35,179,184,190],"camera":[36,93],"receiver":[39,133],"due":[40,152],"to":[41,124,144,153,159],"its":[42],"wide":[43],"availability.":[44],"However,":[45],"successful":[47],"mainly":[53],"depends":[54],"efficiency":[57],"encoder-decoder":[60],"modulation":[63,71,85],"scheme.":[64],"Thus,":[65],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"novel":[70],"scheme":[72,169],"based":[73],"square":[76,81],"wave":[77,82],"signal":[78],"called":[79],"quadrature":[83],"amplitude":[84],"(SW-QAM)":[86],"method.":[87],"This":[88],"method":[89],"can":[90,121,170],"accommodate":[91],"different":[92],"settings":[94],"overcome":[96],"problem":[98],"LED":[100,111,158,192],"flicker":[101],"that":[102,165],"is":[103,113,138],"generally":[104],"sensed":[105],"by":[106],"human":[107],"eyes":[108],"when":[109],"frequency":[112],"low.":[114],"At":[115],"side,":[118,134],"multiple":[119,191],"LEDs":[120],"be":[122],"used":[123,139],"increase":[125],"transmission":[127],"bit":[128],"rate,":[129],"while,":[130],"at":[131],"Wiener":[136],"filter":[137],"complementary":[142],"technique":[143],"SW-QAM":[145,168],"for":[146,177],"solving":[147],"interference":[150],"phenomenon":[151],"closeness":[155],"one":[157],"another.":[160],"Our":[161],"experimental":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"proposed":[167],"decode":[171],"symbols":[172],"very":[173],"well":[174],"either":[175],"close":[178],"far":[180],"distances,":[182],"dark":[183],"bright":[185],"lighting":[186],"conditions,":[187],"single":[189],"points.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}