{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960064652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","title":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0629","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0629","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960064652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","mag":"2960064652"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177221","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629","issn_l":"2357-0679","issn":["2357-0679","2636-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323237894","host_organization_name":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323237894"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u062f/ \u0623\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u062f/ \u0623\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36215278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"785","last_page":"825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.3792000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.3792000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.2029000073671341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13215","display_name":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","score":0.16140000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-transportation","display_name":"oil transportation","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dhows","display_name":"dhows","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merchant-ships","display_name":"merchant ships","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zanzibar","display_name":"Zanzibar","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudan","display_name":"Sudan","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3182840049266815}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jflm.2018.38299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177221","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629","issn_l":"2357-0679","issn":["2357-0679","2636-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323237894","host_organization_name":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323237894"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5769000053405762,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115804616","https://openalex.org/W7219365326","https://openalex.org/W4399875981","https://openalex.org/W7156353406","https://openalex.org/W7203668317","https://openalex.org/W4200001350","https://openalex.org/W4361003413","https://openalex.org/W2611323307","https://openalex.org/W4403230205","https://openalex.org/W4399876347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635":[0],"\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629":[2,53],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[3],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627":[4],"\u06a9\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627":[5,37],"\u0641\u064a":[6,38,77,143,153,182,214],"\u0631\u0628\u0637":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c":[8,24,55,98,117,144,167,177],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a":[9,25,168,178],"\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0642":[10],"\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627":[11,40,100,184,228],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[12],"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629":[14],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629":[15],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[16],"\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644":[18,123],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c":[19],"\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627":[20],"\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639":[21],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[22,175],"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644":[23,166],"\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a":[27],"\u0645\u0646":[28,82,132,147,196,226],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[29],"\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632":[30],"\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647\u0627":[31],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c":[32],"\u0648\u06a9\u0630\u0644\u06a9":[33],"\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f":[34],"\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627":[35,49,139,164],"\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627":[36],"\u0634\u0631\u0642":[39,183,215,227],"\u0628\u0639\u062f":[41,63],"\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627":[42],"\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c":[43],"\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c":[44],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c":[45,80],"\u0648\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c":[46],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c":[47],"\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a":[48],"\u062d\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627":[50],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[51,69,94,115,174,188,207,222],"\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0629":[52,95,122],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[54,97,125],"\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627":[56],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646":[58,130,146],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0628":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629":[61],"(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648)":[62],"\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645":[64],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[67],"\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627":[68],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[71],"\u0645\u0639":[72,150,211],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644":[73,141,151],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[74,137,162,199],"\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646":[76],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631":[78,154],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631":[79,155],"\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629":[81],"\u0646\u0642\u0644":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[85,195],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[86],"\u062a\u0644\u06a9":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c":[88],"\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0646":[89],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631":[91,221],"\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a":[93,114],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[96],"\u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642":[99,118,156],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631":[101,229],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.":[102,230],"\u0644\u0630\u0627":[103],"\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[104],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[105,220],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[106],"\u0639\u0628\u0631":[107],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[108],"\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629":[109],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[110,133],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[112,206],"\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627":[113],"\u0639\u0631\u0628":[116],"\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c":[119,157],"\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[120],"\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641":[121],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[124],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c":[126],"\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649":[127],"\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631":[128],"\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[129],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.":[134],"\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[136],"\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627":[138],"\u0644\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[142],"\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628":[148],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[152,173,187],"\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[158,170],"\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634":[160],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629":[161],"\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627":[163],"\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629":[165],"\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.":[169],"\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627":[171],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[172,186],"\u0633\u0641\u0646":[176],"\u0648\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627":[179],"\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629":[180],"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627":[181],"\u06a9\u0630\u0644\u06a9":[185],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646":[189],"\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629":[190],"\u0631\u0641\u0636":[191],"\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0629":[192],"\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06a9\u0648":[193],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[194],"\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627":[197],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[198],"\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c":[200],"\u06a9\u0645\u0627":[201],"\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[202,218],"\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627":[203],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621":[204],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a":[205],"\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629":[208],"\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[209],"\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a":[210],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628":[212],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a":[213],"\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.":[216],"\u062b\u0645":[217],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[219],"\u0639\u062f\u062f":[223],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u062c\u0627\u062c":[224],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}
