{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959638649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","title":"Evidence of coral bleaching avoidance, resistance and recovery in the Maldives during the 2016 mass-bleaching event","display_name":"Evidence of coral bleaching avoidance, resistance and recovery in the Maldives during the 2016 mass-bleaching event","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959638649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","mag":"2959638649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3354/meps13044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96743589","display_name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","issn_l":"0171-8630","issn":["0171-8630","1616-1599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313773","host_organization_name":"Inter-Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313773"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inter-Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015318625","display_name":"Benjamin Cowburn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-086X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-086X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B Cowburn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064601116","display_name":"Charlotte Moritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-2532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-2532"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Moritz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005608015","display_name":"Gabriel Grimsditch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Grimsditch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009872066","display_name":"Jean\u2010Luc Solandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-0418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-0418","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4689-3040"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JL Solandt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015318625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86351105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"626","issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12806","display_name":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-bleaching","display_name":"coral bleaching","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleaching-resistance","display_name":"bleaching resistance","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-recovery","display_name":"coral recovery","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-mortality","display_name":"coral mortality","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-exposure","display_name":"wave exposure","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth","display_name":"depth","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-growth-forms","display_name":"coral growth forms","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stress-biology","display_name":"thermal stress (biology)","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-reef-resilience","display_name":"coral reef resilience","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maldives","display_name":"Maldives","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-cover","display_name":"coral cover","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-pressure","display_name":"anthropogenic pressure","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-protected-areas","display_name":"marine protected areas","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-reef-restoration","display_name":"coral reef restoration","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143020374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411228","display_name":"Coral","level":2,"score":0.8639759421348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103474955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568916","display_name":"Coral bleaching","level":3,"score":0.8600301146507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77044568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184358","display_name":"Reef","level":2,"score":0.7843693494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117480383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42523","display_name":"Atoll","level":3,"score":0.7212598919868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79367842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11292","display_name":"Coral reef","level":2,"score":0.6838672757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5425795316696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.47237852215766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207074971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381324","display_name":"Environmental issues with coral reefs","level":3,"score":0.4524577260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780143158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144608","display_name":"Porites","level":3,"score":0.4356086552143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3376709222793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23884829878807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14448487758636475}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3354/meps13044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96743589","display_name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","issn_l":"0171-8630","issn":["0171-8630","1616-1599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313773","host_organization_name":"Inter-Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313773"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inter-Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27217073","https://openalex.org/W204065161","https://openalex.org/W1529613900","https://openalex.org/W1969964490","https://openalex.org/W1970353442","https://openalex.org/W1972808229","https://openalex.org/W1973754146","https://openalex.org/W1984881932","https://openalex.org/W1989974377","https://openalex.org/W1994086151","https://openalex.org/W1996999059","https://openalex.org/W1999650318","https://openalex.org/W2003982165","https://openalex.org/W2017200992","https://openalex.org/W2026321395","https://openalex.org/W2049149753","https://openalex.org/W2062093909","https://openalex.org/W2063150491","https://openalex.org/W2067437494","https://openalex.org/W2069467448","https://openalex.org/W2077638292","https://openalex.org/W2091692960","https://openalex.org/W2093520225","https://openalex.org/W2105337410","https://openalex.org/W2112912290","https://openalex.org/W2125036294","https://openalex.org/W2128159251","https://openalex.org/W2134224197","https://openalex.org/W2136669243","https://openalex.org/W2139884657","https://openalex.org/W2151164541","https://openalex.org/W2155454753","https://openalex.org/W2156658973","https://openalex.org/W2167753152","https://openalex.org/W2168060328","https://openalex.org/W2325519958","https://openalex.org/W2328398786","https://openalex.org/W2527910233","https://openalex.org/W2560236436","https://openalex.org/W2566943586","https://openalex.org/W2578907263","https://openalex.org/W2594335126","https://openalex.org/W2596630349","https://openalex.org/W2597898275","https://openalex.org/W2600378448","https://openalex.org/W2604201503","https://openalex.org/W2611302072","https://openalex.org/W2723045117","https://openalex.org/W2740450240","https://openalex.org/W2756102115","https://openalex.org/W2761744779","https://openalex.org/W2761793267","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2790861790","https://openalex.org/W2796944804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045053068","https://openalex.org/W2527910233","https://openalex.org/W2004784328","https://openalex.org/W3129132181","https://openalex.org/W4408373642","https://openalex.org/W2069467448","https://openalex.org/W2951204871","https://openalex.org/W2134224197","https://openalex.org/W6893124008","https://openalex.org/W7220936886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MEPS":[0,25,403],"Marine":[1],"Ecology":[2],"Progress":[3],"Series":[4],"Contact":[5],"the":[6,22,40,43,79,87,98,119,124,186,223,251,282,295,302,317,325,377,380],"journal":[7],"Facebook":[8,394],"Twitter":[9],"RSS":[10,392],"Mailing":[11],"List":[12],"Subscribe":[13],"to":[14,122,134,267,274,297,300],"our":[15],"mailing":[16],"list":[17],"via":[18],"Mailchimp":[19],"HomeLatest":[20],"VolumeAbout":[21],"JournalEditorsTheme":[23],"Sections":[24],"626:53-67":[26],"(2019)":[27,367],"-":[28,393,395,397],"DOI:":[29],"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13044":[30,389],"Evidence":[31,368],"of":[32,103,126,142,222,257,272,292,304,321,327,369],"coral":[33,82,94,104,143,194,219,370],"bleaching":[34,83,99,135,163,212,322,338,371],"avoidance,":[35,136,372],"resistance":[36,137,271,373],"and":[37,101,110,128,138,146,155,166,170,199,213,264,270,307,319,324,333,374],"recovery":[38,184,279,375],"in":[39,85,106,118,190,215,225,237,246,294,352,376,402],"Maldives":[41,59,88,121,296,349,378],"during":[42,379],"2016":[44,381],"mass-bleaching":[45,188,382],"event":[46,84,189],"Benjamin":[47],"Cowburn1,*,":[48],"Charlotte":[49],"Moritz1,2,":[50],"Gabriel":[51],"Grimsditch1,":[52],"Jean-Luc":[53],"Solandt3":[54],"1IUCN":[55],"Maldives,":[56],"Male":[57],"20006,":[58],"2CMOANA":[60],"Consulting,":[61],"BP1105,":[62],"98703":[63],"Punaauia,":[64],"French":[65],"Polynesia":[66],"3Marine":[67],"Conservation":[68],"Society,":[69],"Ross-on-Wye":[70],"HR9":[71],"7QQ,":[72],"UK":[73],"*Corresponding":[74],"author:":[75],"benjamindcowburn@gmail.com":[76],"ABSTRACT:":[77],"During":[78],"third":[80],"global":[81],"2016,":[86,216],"experienced":[89,171,210,230],"elevated":[90],"water":[91],"temperatures,":[92],"inducing":[93],"bleaching.":[95],"We":[96],"recorded":[97],"intensity":[100,320],"mortality":[102,214],"communities":[105],"different":[107,255],"habitats,":[108],"depths":[109],"wave":[111,153,262],"exposure":[112,154,263],"conditions":[113],"around":[114],"North":[115],"Ari":[116,227],"Atoll":[117,228],"central":[120,226],"investigate":[123],"effect":[125],"physical":[127],"biological":[129],"factors":[130],"that":[131,241],"may":[132],"contribute":[133],"recovery.":[139],"Approximately":[140],"50%":[141],"cover":[144,195],"bleached":[145],"~20%":[147],"died,":[148],"with":[149,152],"significant":[150],"variation":[151],"depth.":[156],"Deeper":[157],"wave-exposed":[158],"reefs":[159,181,224,240,293],"were":[160],"dominated":[161,196],"by":[162,197,203,400],"resistant":[164],"massive":[165],"encrusting":[167],"growth":[168,201,208],"forms":[169,202,209],"less":[172],"thermal":[173,306],"stress":[174,343],"than":[175],"shallow":[176,287],"sheltered":[177,180,288],"reefs.":[178,289],"Shallow":[179],"showed":[182],"rapid":[183],"from":[185],"previous":[187],"1998,":[191],"regaining":[192],"high":[193,211],"branching":[198],"tabular":[200],"2015.":[204],"However,":[205],"these":[206],"bleaching-sensitive":[207],"causing":[217],"greater":[218],"loss.":[220],"Several":[221],"simultaneously":[229],"a":[231],"crown-of-thorn":[232],"starfish":[233],"(COTS)":[234],"outbreak,":[235],"resulting":[236],"very":[238],"degraded":[239],"lacked":[242],"any":[243],"apparent":[244],"resilience":[245,291],"2017.":[247],"Our":[248],"findings":[249],"demonstrate":[250],"complex":[252],"interactions":[253],"between":[254],"components":[256],"resilience.":[258],"In":[259],"this":[260,356],"case,":[261],"depth":[265],"appeared":[266],"promote":[268],"avoidance":[269],"corals":[273],"bleaching,":[275],"but":[276],"reduced":[277],"their":[278,311],"potential,":[280],"while":[281],"reverse":[283],"was":[284],"true":[285],"for":[286],"The":[290],"date":[298],"appears":[299],"be":[301],"result":[303],"low":[305],"anthropogenic":[308],"stress;":[309],"therefore,":[310],"future":[312],"condition":[313],"will":[314],"depend":[315],"on":[316],"frequency":[318],"events":[323],"level":[326],"human":[328],"pressures":[329],"such":[330],"as":[331],"construction":[332],"fishing.":[334],"KEY":[335],"WORDS:":[336],"Coral":[337],"\u00b7":[339,341,344,346,348],"Resilience":[340],"Thermal":[342],"Resistance":[345],"Recovery":[347],"Full":[350],"text":[351],"pdf":[353],"format":[354],"PreviousNextCite":[355],"article":[357],"as:":[358],"Cowburn":[359],"B,":[360],"Moritz":[361],"C,":[362],"Grimsditch":[363],"G,":[364],"Solandt":[365],"JL":[366],"event.":[383],"Mar":[384],"Ecol":[385],"Prog":[386],"Ser":[387],"626:53-67.":[388],"Export":[390],"citation":[391],"Tweet":[396],"linkedIn":[398],"Cited":[399],"Published":[401],"Vol.":[404],"626.":[405],"Online":[406,415],"publication":[407],"date:":[408],"September":[409],"12,":[410],"2019":[411,420],"Print":[412],"ISSN:":[413,416],"0171-8630;":[414],"1616-1599":[417],"Copyright":[418],"\u00a9":[419],"Inter-Research.":[421]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}