{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2957935366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","title":"Why are so many species based on a single specimen?","display_name":"Why are so many species based on a single specimen?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2957935366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","mag":"2957935366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","pdf_url":"https://www.mapress.com/zs/article/download/zoosymposia.14.1.5/28592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168639","display_name":"Zoosymposia","issn_l":"1178-9905","issn":["1178-9905","1178-9913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321855","host_organization_name":"Magnolia Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Magnolia Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zoosymposia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.mapress.com/zs/article/download/zoosymposia.14.1.5/28592","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068764135","display_name":"Alice Wells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-6056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-6056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089744","display_name":"Australian National Insect Collection","ror":"https://ror.org/00c8nx045","country_code":"AU","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210089744","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALICE WELLS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I4210089744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039102842","display_name":"Kjell Arne Johanson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-3429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-3429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801711128","display_name":"Swedish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/05k323c76","country_code":"SE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801711128"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KJELL ARNE JOHANSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801711128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069555232","display_name":"P. L. Dostine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-278X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-278X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PETER DOSTINE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 496, Palmerston NT 0831, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 496, Palmerston NT 0831, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83179702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14399","display_name":"Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13578","display_name":"Stonefly species taxonomy and ecology","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichoptera","display_name":"Trichoptera","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-rarity","display_name":"species rarity","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomic-synonymy","display_name":"taxonomic synonymy","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroptilidae","display_name":"Hydroptilidae","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-trapping","display_name":"light trapping","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-fauna","display_name":"stream fauna","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tasmania","display_name":"Tasmania","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-caledonia","display_name":"New Caledonia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-diversity","display_name":"species diversity","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-management","display_name":"conservation management","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5745073556900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125471540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104021","display_name":"Fauna","level":2,"score":0.5697304010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.552360475063324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5143778920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180395843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503448","display_name":"Rare species","level":3,"score":0.5117890238761902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.4308941662311554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4132225513458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.4119386076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.338381290435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.12990552186965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","pdf_url":"https://www.mapress.com/zs/article/download/zoosymposia.14.1.5/28592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168639","display_name":"Zoosymposia","issn_l":"1178-9905","issn":["1178-9905","1178-9913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321855","host_organization_name":"Magnolia Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Magnolia Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zoosymposia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5","pdf_url":"https://www.mapress.com/zs/article/download/zoosymposia.14.1.5/28592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168639","display_name":"Zoosymposia","issn_l":"1178-9905","issn":["1178-9905","1178-9913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321855","host_organization_name":"Magnolia Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Magnolia Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zoosymposia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2957935366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2957935366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304456678","https://openalex.org/W645889360","https://openalex.org/W1490916122","https://openalex.org/W1523759232","https://openalex.org/W1577996094","https://openalex.org/W1835083912","https://openalex.org/W1917887189","https://openalex.org/W1985370853","https://openalex.org/W1995834320","https://openalex.org/W1996203049","https://openalex.org/W2051342072","https://openalex.org/W2067573353","https://openalex.org/W2070443254","https://openalex.org/W2084264891","https://openalex.org/W2139348366","https://openalex.org/W2304121505","https://openalex.org/W4231929541","https://openalex.org/W4235825329","https://openalex.org/W6832255246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095617620","https://openalex.org/W7095969838","https://openalex.org/W2139348366","https://openalex.org/W2954802831","https://openalex.org/W2771206991","https://openalex.org/W1495345701","https://openalex.org/W2140454604","https://openalex.org/W4394765308","https://openalex.org/W1523759232","https://openalex.org/W3217205367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"considerable":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,26,38,61,71,83,108,115,121,146,162,168,174,187,196],"insect":[4],"species,":[5,36,156,176],"including":[6,177],"Trichoptera,":[7],"are":[8,153],"described":[9],"from":[10,85],"a":[11,17,20,68,80,134,143,166],"single":[12],"specimen,":[13],"also":[14],"known":[15],"as":[16],"'unique'":[18],"or":[19,41,199],"'singleton'.":[21],"We":[22,66,139],"ask":[23],"the":[24,53,59,147,160,175,184,194],"question":[25,50],"whether":[27],"this":[28,49,98],"reflects":[29],"failure":[30,180],"to":[31,47,181],"consider":[32,182],"variation":[33],"and":[34,56,63,119,179],"related":[35,188],"lack":[37],"collecting":[39],"effort,":[40],"true":[42,101],"rarity.":[43],"In":[44],"an":[45],"attempt":[46],"answer":[48],"we":[51,191],"examine":[52],"available":[54],"literature":[55],"data":[57,116],"on":[58,91,117,151,201],"Trichoptera":[60,148],"Tasmania":[62,86],"New":[64,103],"Caledonia.":[65,104],"note":[67],"low":[69],"level":[70],"taxonomic":[72],"synonymy":[73],"among":[74],"species":[75,84,149],"in":[76],"these":[77,109],"faunas.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"significant":[81],"proportion":[82,145],"that":[87,141],"were":[88],"based":[89,150],"originally":[90],"singletons":[92,152],"have":[93],"been":[94],"re-collected":[95],"subsequently,":[96],"but":[97,157],"is":[99,111],"not":[100],"for":[102,158],"The":[105],"possible":[106],"significance":[107],"figures":[110],"considered":[112],"following":[113],"examination":[114],"diversity":[118,186],"abundance":[120],"Hydroptilidae":[122],"collected":[123],"by":[124],"regular,":[125],"standardised":[126],"light":[127],"trapping":[128],"over":[129],"almost":[130],"two":[131],"years":[132],"at":[133],"northern":[135],"Australian":[136],"tropical":[137],"stream.":[138],"conclude":[140],"quite":[142],"large":[144],"rare,":[154],"valid":[155],"others":[159],"appearance":[161],"rarity":[163],"may":[164],"be":[165],"consequence":[167],"inadequate":[169],"collecting,":[170],"particular":[171],"behavioural":[172],"attributes":[173],"seasonality,":[178],"fully":[183],"structural":[185],"species.":[189],"Lastly,":[190],"discuss":[192],"briefly":[193],"consequences":[195],"rarity,":[197],"apparent":[198],"real,":[200],"conservation":[202],"management.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}