{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956458565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","title":"Thermal Quantum Spacetime","display_name":"Thermal Quantum Spacetime","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956458565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","mag":"2956458565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/universe5080187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/8/187/pdf?version=1566040977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737774819","display_name":"Universe","issn_l":"2218-1997","issn":["2218-1997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/8/187/pdf?version=1566040977","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013571809","display_name":"Isha Kotecha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-4355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-4355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127646","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03sry2h30","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210127646"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isha Kotecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Physik, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Newtonstra\u00dfe 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany","Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-4355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Physik, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Newtonstra\u00dfe 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013571809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248","https://openalex.org/I4210127646"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1216},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1216},"fwci":1.6003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82987681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"8","first_page":"187","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-independence","display_name":"background independence","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gravity","display_name":"quantum gravity","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-time-hypothesis","display_name":"thermal time hypothesis","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-field-theory","display_name":"group field theory","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"information theory","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-statistical-mechanics","display_name":"equilibrium statistical mechanics","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8105000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.6022999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34829970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845260","display_name":"Quantum statistical mechanics","level":3,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43303222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17019528","display_name":"Group field theory","level":5,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9136319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362640","display_name":"Covariant transformation","level":2,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99874945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188715","display_name":"Statistical mechanics","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22393281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783068","display_name":"Thermal quantum field theory","level":4,"score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120484201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246697","display_name":"Quantum field theory in curved spacetime","level":4,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739962","display_name":"Loop quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8492334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269100","display_name":"Quantum spacetime","level":4,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776897741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12212546","display_name":"Quantum thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166582202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380779","display_name":"Entropic gravity","level":5,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29310469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3175122","display_name":"Thermal equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5637370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402478","display_name":"Thermal fluctuations","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105004547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3775955","display_name":"Semiclassical gravity","level":5,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41254897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139715","display_name":"Causal sets","level":5,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14257148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066","display_name":"Gravitational field","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88850056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274262","display_name":"Imaginary time","level":5,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15184713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269042","display_name":"Quantum dynamics","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136650576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5923177","display_name":"Ho\u0159ava\u2013Lifshitz gravity","level":5,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53250935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122184","display_name":"Quantum geometry","level":5,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51121833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246283","display_name":"Euclidean quantum gravity","level":5,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/universe5080187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/8/187/pdf?version=1566040977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737774819","display_name":"Universe","issn_l":"2218-1997","issn":["2218-1997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universe","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.07497","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07497","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3f3fb61d8d84eee8f7049c21eb192e5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3f3fb61d8d84eee8f7049c21eb192e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Universe, Vol 5, Iss 8, p 187 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3151644","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0004-70B1-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Universe","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.07497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.07497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.07497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/universe5080187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5080187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/8/187/pdf?version=1566040977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737774819","display_name":"Universe","issn_l":"2218-1997","issn":["2218-1997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312716","display_name":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03zp01h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319880","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324632","display_name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","ror":"https://ror.org/011z3ff80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331462","display_name":"Institut P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de physique th\u00e9orique","ror":"https://ror.org/013m0ej23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2956458565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2956458565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162457275","https://openalex.org/W384246089","https://openalex.org/W618376795","https://openalex.org/W1498278199","https://openalex.org/W1538462648","https://openalex.org/W1778994731","https://openalex.org/W1854253211","https://openalex.org/W1870256614","https://openalex.org/W1950042391","https://openalex.org/W1965001977","https://openalex.org/W1965571158","https://openalex.org/W1973440632","https://openalex.org/W1976715902","https://openalex.org/W1990714330","https://openalex.org/W1994766604","https://openalex.org/W1997750865","https://openalex.org/W2009153215","https://openalex.org/W2009557756","https://openalex.org/W2029339103","https://openalex.org/W2032558547","https://openalex.org/W2042650304","https://openalex.org/W2073545629","https://openalex.org/W2077675111","https://openalex.org/W2088528909","https://openalex.org/W2090386790","https://openalex.org/W2095337937","https://openalex.org/W2100467929","https://openalex.org/W2101308492","https://openalex.org/W2103758941","https://openalex.org/W2110960412","https://openalex.org/W2137570591","https://openalex.org/W2137881566","https://openalex.org/W2141298487","https://openalex.org/W2145154906","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2156561780","https://openalex.org/W2159538982","https://openalex.org/W2167913745","https://openalex.org/W2171162942","https://openalex.org/W2323851192","https://openalex.org/W2424753270","https://openalex.org/W2491656334","https://openalex.org/W2495758014","https://openalex.org/W2571121868","https://openalex.org/W2751890125","https://openalex.org/W2763074224","https://openalex.org/W2781877942","https://openalex.org/W2785338544","https://openalex.org/W2883204794","https://openalex.org/W2898982059","https://openalex.org/W2904865945","https://openalex.org/W2931139454","https://openalex.org/W2964147024","https://openalex.org/W2969359636","https://openalex.org/W3019033834","https://openalex.org/W3037464230","https://openalex.org/W3098165131","https://openalex.org/W4232098568","https://openalex.org/W4239588355","https://openalex.org/W4252028749","https://openalex.org/W4253850191","https://openalex.org/W4254920206","https://openalex.org/W4292689918","https://openalex.org/W4298505100","https://openalex.org/W4299934136","https://openalex.org/W4300128422","https://openalex.org/W4300821245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210378408","https://openalex.org/W3096127009","https://openalex.org/W6948159184","https://openalex.org/W2883204794","https://openalex.org/W1973440632","https://openalex.org/W4367020091","https://openalex.org/W1976715902","https://openalex.org/W2160151720","https://openalex.org/W7097824089","https://openalex.org/W2154310024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"intersection":[1],"of":[2,26,38,59,70,90,123,127,129,151,164,168,174],"thermodynamics,":[3],"quantum":[4,51,62,124,145],"theory":[5],"and":[6,30,43,85,131,134],"gravity":[7,52,125],"has":[8],"revealed":[9],"many":[10],"profound":[11],"insights,":[12],"all":[13],"the":[14,88,109,149,165],"while":[15],"posing":[16],"new":[17],"puzzles.":[18],"In":[19,140],"this":[20],"article,":[21],"we":[22,44,65,116,142],"discuss":[23],"an":[24,67],"extension":[25],"equilibrium":[27,73],"statistical":[28,121,146,161],"mechanics":[29,122],"thermodynamics":[31],"potentially":[32],"compatible":[33],"with":[34,108],"a":[35,49,56,60,118,144,171],"key":[36],"feature":[37],"general":[39],"relativity,":[40],"background":[41,82],"independence;":[42],"subsequently":[45],"use":[46],"it":[47,136],"in":[48,86,137,170],"candidate":[50],"system,":[53],"thus":[54],"providing":[55],"preliminary":[57],"formulation":[58],"thermal":[61,110],"spacetime.":[63],"Specifically,":[64],"emphasise":[66],"information-theoretic":[68],"characterisation":[69],"generalised":[71,175],"Gibbs":[72,176],"that":[74],"is":[75,92],"shown":[76,156],"to":[77,81,94,157],"be":[78],"particularly":[79],"suited":[80],"independent":[83],"settings,":[84],"which":[87],"status":[89],"entropy":[91],"elevated":[93],"being":[95],"more":[96],"fundamental":[97],"than":[98],"energy.":[99],"We":[100],"also":[101],"shed":[102],"light":[103],"on":[104,114],"its":[105],"intimate":[106],"connections":[107],"time":[111],"hypothesis.":[112],"Based":[113],"this,":[115],"outline":[117],"framework":[119],"for":[120,148],"degrees":[126],"freedom":[128],"combinatorial":[130],"algebraic":[132],"type,":[133],"apply":[135],"several":[138],"examples.":[139],"particular,":[141],"provide":[143],"basis":[147],"origin":[150],"covariant":[152],"group":[153],"field":[154,162],"theories,":[155],"arise":[158],"as":[159],"effective":[160],"theories":[163],"underlying":[166],"quanta":[167],"space":[169],"certain":[172],"class":[173],"states.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}
