{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956354458","doi":null,"title":"Shadows: tackling undeclared work in the European Union","display_name":"Shadows: tackling undeclared work in the European Union","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956354458","mag":"2956354458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2956354458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/colin_williams/121/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030156678","display_name":"Ioana Alexandra Horodnic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-8989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-8989"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioana Alexandra Horodnic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-8989","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074860021","display_name":"Colin Charles Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-1933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-1933"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin C. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-1933","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14030","display_name":"Taxation and Legal Issues","score":0.053599998354911804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14255","display_name":"European Law and Migration","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undeclared-work","display_name":"undeclared work","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-economy","display_name":"shadow economy","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-law-enforcement","display_name":"labor law enforcement","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-labour-policy","display_name":"European Union labour policy","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-labour-mobility","display_name":"cross-border labour mobility","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.6776888370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47831133008003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39768117666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26988786458969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.22329983115196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1087653636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2956354458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/colin_williams/121/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W912999496","https://openalex.org/W1482012802","https://openalex.org/W1485603557","https://openalex.org/W1516538057","https://openalex.org/W1519269415","https://openalex.org/W1576417456","https://openalex.org/W1606766006","https://openalex.org/W1833090007","https://openalex.org/W1857257038","https://openalex.org/W1964962141","https://openalex.org/W1965618612","https://openalex.org/W1980534417","https://openalex.org/W1988310312","https://openalex.org/W1989380546","https://openalex.org/W1991059109","https://openalex.org/W1991109451","https://openalex.org/W1997146242","https://openalex.org/W1998637934","https://openalex.org/W2015250345","https://openalex.org/W2032952968","https://openalex.org/W2056775857","https://openalex.org/W2070474461","https://openalex.org/W2077649373","https://openalex.org/W2093589406","https://openalex.org/W2102479365","https://openalex.org/W2112821459","https://openalex.org/W2122157013","https://openalex.org/W2123426390","https://openalex.org/W2138759899","https://openalex.org/W2146475189","https://openalex.org/W2165284902","https://openalex.org/W2168283218","https://openalex.org/W2214209815","https://openalex.org/W2274164529","https://openalex.org/W2276948533","https://openalex.org/W2313835183","https://openalex.org/W2320874107","https://openalex.org/W2409458024","https://openalex.org/W2520604903","https://openalex.org/W2544306776","https://openalex.org/W2580423899","https://openalex.org/W2580868365","https://openalex.org/W2592623733","https://openalex.org/W2686645283","https://openalex.org/W2763186710","https://openalex.org/W2783348351","https://openalex.org/W2785603212","https://openalex.org/W2791028674","https://openalex.org/W2791235331","https://openalex.org/W2891008011","https://openalex.org/W3022061095","https://openalex.org/W3023361769","https://openalex.org/W3121147769","https://openalex.org/W3121478166","https://openalex.org/W3121681248","https://openalex.org/W3122555287","https://openalex.org/W3122853177","https://openalex.org/W3124602806","https://openalex.org/W4246766798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971919226","https://openalex.org/W3046093660","https://openalex.org/W2965481910","https://openalex.org/W3045608819","https://openalex.org/W2792643539","https://openalex.org/W2301509313","https://openalex.org/W2923920177","https://openalex.org/W1607728320","https://openalex.org/W7213360523","https://openalex.org/W2741494987"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}