{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955720732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","title":"Capital Structure of Public\u2013Private Partnership Projects: A Sustainability Perspective","display_name":"Capital Structure of Public\u2013Private Partnership Projects: A Sustainability Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955720732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","mag":"2955720732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11133505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3505/pdf?version=1561544297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3505/pdf?version=1561544297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063242838","display_name":"Du Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-4776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-4776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677285","display_name":"Hongyue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-4078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-4078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongyue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022350737","display_name":"Ruoyu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-6967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-6967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","display_name":"University of Brighton","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp2b655","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Subject of Built Environment, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Hastings BN2 4GJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-6967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Subject of Built Environment, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Hastings BN2 4GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100677285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":3.5449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92733441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"13","first_page":"3505","last_page":"3505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14138","display_name":"Life Cycle Costing Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-structure","display_name":"capital structure","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-equity-investment","display_name":"private equity investment","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounted-cash-flow","display_name":"discounted cash flow","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-finance","display_name":"project financing","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-model","display_name":"selection model","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149933338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950816","display_name":"Capital structure","level":3,"score":0.5533379316329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4883963465690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776553905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221096","display_name":"Public\u2013private partnership","level":3,"score":0.47189339995384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45604684948921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.44405901432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4433631896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781014177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455422","display_name":"Discounted cash flow","level":3,"score":0.4421175420284271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4360297918319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71110296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476115","display_name":"Private equity","level":2,"score":0.42701539397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163428354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047513","display_name":"Cash flow","level":2,"score":0.397927463054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.3641040623188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.3477531671524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33832260966300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11133505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3505/pdf?version=1561544297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk:89y33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","pdf_url":"https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/724199568e7f8b1b6380049ee66776dab4c8ee8216415317bda454a732c3411c/1288694/sustainability-11-03505.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401135","display_name":"Research Open (London South Bank University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","host_organization_name":"London South Bank University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:13:p:3505-:d:243091","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3505/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9999df1d950a4968b8478ca371eb263b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9999df1d950a4968b8478ca371eb263b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 13, p 3505 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/4a477e57-4a31-4d49-bc4f-46ed8c104b15","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/4a477e57-4a31-4d49-bc4f-46ed8c104b15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401758","display_name":"University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","host_organization_name":"University of Brighton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Du, J, Wu, H & Jin, R 2019, 'Capital structure of Public\u2013Private Partnership projects : a sustainability perspective', Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 13, 3505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11133505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133505","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3505/pdf?version=1561544297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955720732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955720732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157807958","https://openalex.org/W1494703832","https://openalex.org/W1496286215","https://openalex.org/W1522582389","https://openalex.org/W1546993880","https://openalex.org/W1587350794","https://openalex.org/W1613882834","https://openalex.org/W1967109710","https://openalex.org/W1994505922","https://openalex.org/W2004531660","https://openalex.org/W2041178770","https://openalex.org/W2046089421","https://openalex.org/W2049444876","https://openalex.org/W2070768982","https://openalex.org/W2074928461","https://openalex.org/W2081176197","https://openalex.org/W2106291410","https://openalex.org/W2121308228","https://openalex.org/W2124597406","https://openalex.org/W2135413490","https://openalex.org/W2141673635","https://openalex.org/W2141951329","https://openalex.org/W2146880834","https://openalex.org/W2157005718","https://openalex.org/W2164668070","https://openalex.org/W2165162942","https://openalex.org/W2170648064","https://openalex.org/W2170790204","https://openalex.org/W2173909651","https://openalex.org/W2213057647","https://openalex.org/W2229016034","https://openalex.org/W2288711758","https://openalex.org/W2310032212","https://openalex.org/W2322879763","https://openalex.org/W2327714108","https://openalex.org/W2338822315","https://openalex.org/W2469124637","https://openalex.org/W2553892229","https://openalex.org/W2576217668","https://openalex.org/W2582377764","https://openalex.org/W2593291657","https://openalex.org/W2601338169","https://openalex.org/W2735111794","https://openalex.org/W2748854329","https://openalex.org/W2753176452","https://openalex.org/W2754343645","https://openalex.org/W2780599120","https://openalex.org/W2794187438","https://openalex.org/W2800864012","https://openalex.org/W2808759469","https://openalex.org/W2809638588","https://openalex.org/W2811451900","https://openalex.org/W2858599804","https://openalex.org/W2896298550","https://openalex.org/W2903840207","https://openalex.org/W2908528172","https://openalex.org/W2921728713","https://openalex.org/W4232474910","https://openalex.org/W4239488419","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808759469","https://openalex.org/W3196541203","https://openalex.org/W4377102846","https://openalex.org/W2748854329","https://openalex.org/W4392882133","https://openalex.org/W2041178770","https://openalex.org/W2384450168","https://openalex.org/W2994209888","https://openalex.org/W7214173653","https://openalex.org/W4382399172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capital":[0],"is":[1],"key":[2],"to":[3,134,160,181,185,209],"achieve":[4,161],"the":[5,20,37,48,76,84,88,97,108,127,135,151,166,173,177,196,211,228,233],"standardized":[6],"operation":[7],"of":[8,16,22,40,56,83,96,100,137,165,169,199,232,236],"public\u2013private":[9],"partnership":[10],"(PPP)":[11],"projects.":[12,41],"The":[13],"capital":[14,49,98,167,212,234],"structure":[15,21,50,99,168,213,235],"PPP":[17,46,101,170,200,237],"projects":[18,102,171,201,238],"stresses":[19],"equity":[23,80],"and":[24,35,65,69,79,91,111,121,189,202,230],"debt":[25],"funds,":[26,57],"which":[27,149,208],"are":[28],"important":[29],"for":[30,227],"securing":[31],"life-cycle":[32,62],"ample":[33],"funds":[34],"achieving":[36],"expected":[38],"outcomes":[39],"By":[42],"incorporating":[43],"sustainability":[44,105,174],"into":[45],"projects,":[47],"not":[51,142,193],"only":[52,194],"secures":[53],"current":[54],"needs":[55],"it":[58,216],"also":[59,217],"focuses":[60],"on":[61,118,207],"stable":[63],"operations":[64],"achieves":[66],"economic,":[67],"social,":[68],"environmental":[70],"benefits.":[71],"This":[72,191],"study":[73,192],"first":[74],"set":[75],"equity\u2013debt":[77],"ratio":[78,82],"investment":[81],"private":[85],"sector":[86],"as":[87,114],"dependent":[89],"variables":[90],"built":[92],"a":[93,104,122,146,162,182,204,219],"selection":[94,147,164,214,220,229],"model":[95,154],"from":[103,172],"perspective":[106],"using":[107],"benefit,":[109],"cost,":[110],"project":[112,184],"conditions":[113],"core":[115],"factors":[116,139],"based":[117],"multi-objective":[119,152],"programming":[120,153],"discounted":[123],"cash-flow":[124],"model.":[125],"Then,":[126],"qualitative":[128,156],"analysis":[129,136,157],"could":[130],"be":[131],"achieved":[132],"according":[133],"critical":[138],"that":[140,222],"had":[141],"been":[143],"calculated.":[144],"Afterwards,":[145],"process":[148,178,221],"combined":[150],"with":[155],"was":[158,179],"proposed":[159],"comprehensive":[163],"perspective.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"applied":[180],"real":[183],"verify":[186],"its":[187],"rationality":[188],"usability.":[190],"enriches":[195],"theoretical":[197],"research":[198],"provides":[203],"new":[205],"idea":[206],"build":[210],"model,":[215],"proposes":[218],"can":[223],"provide":[224],"scientific":[225],"references":[226],"optimization":[231],"in":[239],"practice.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}
