{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955657706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","title":"Trade Openness and Volatility","display_name":"Trade Openness and Volatility","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955657706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","mag":"2955657706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451870046.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011585023","display_name":"Andrei A. Levchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-7911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-7911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163897","display_name":"Centro Studi Luca d\u2019Agliano","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2c7461","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163897"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Levchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano/CEPR Conference on Trade, Industrialization and Development, CREI/World Bank/CEPR Conference on the Growth and Welfare Consequences of Macroeconomic Volatility, NBER IFM and ITI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano/CEPR Conference on Trade, Industrialization and Development, CREI/World Bank/CEPR Conference on the Growth and Welfare Consequences of Macroeconomic Volatility, NBER IFM and ITI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I4210163897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071184783","display_name":"Julian di Giovanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-6401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-6401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163897","display_name":"Centro Studi Luca d\u2019Agliano","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2c7461","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163897"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Di Giovanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano/CEPR Conference on Trade, Industrialization and Development, CREI/World Bank/CEPR Conference on the Growth and Welfare Consequences of Macroeconomic Volatility, NBER IFM and ITI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano/CEPR Conference on Trade, Industrialization and Development, CREI/World Bank/CEPR Conference on the Growth and Welfare Consequences of Macroeconomic Volatility, NBER IFM and ITI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I4210163897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87783141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2008","issue":"146","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-volatility","display_name":"output volatility","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-specialization","display_name":"industrial specialization","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-volatility","display_name":"aggregate volatility","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.6531524062156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.615913450717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5345233082771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.478575736284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4726385474205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32495105266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.23924294114112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09703794121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451870046.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451870046.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2008/146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=22026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033727515","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/09335-9781451870046/09335-9781451870046/09335-9781451870046.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29192659","https://openalex.org/W1531225860","https://openalex.org/W1534309228","https://openalex.org/W1558990178","https://openalex.org/W1605152788","https://openalex.org/W1667652418","https://openalex.org/W1891669487","https://openalex.org/W1976220267","https://openalex.org/W2052489773","https://openalex.org/W2063623725","https://openalex.org/W2092216773","https://openalex.org/W2100130392","https://openalex.org/W2119294449","https://openalex.org/W2121747755","https://openalex.org/W2144786831","https://openalex.org/W2150996390","https://openalex.org/W2160134375","https://openalex.org/W2165820984","https://openalex.org/W2168975542","https://openalex.org/W2169760147","https://openalex.org/W2240202731","https://openalex.org/W2294328445","https://openalex.org/W2315169600","https://openalex.org/W2751613760","https://openalex.org/W2891485059","https://openalex.org/W2891903900","https://openalex.org/W2913108677","https://openalex.org/W3022133508","https://openalex.org/W3121479806","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3121835984","https://openalex.org/W3122394127","https://openalex.org/W3123863822","https://openalex.org/W3123907880","https://openalex.org/W3124647341","https://openalex.org/W3125052097","https://openalex.org/W3125146190","https://openalex.org/W4298197486","https://openalex.org/W6629191316","https://openalex.org/W6639446538","https://openalex.org/W6699275457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564658591","https://openalex.org/W2132576537","https://openalex.org/W4414345155","https://openalex.org/W2037050902","https://openalex.org/W7095885021","https://openalex.org/W2735112676","https://openalex.org/W4247674572","https://openalex.org/W3125256719","https://openalex.org/W2051017241","https://openalex.org/W7096874810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,56,59,68,83],"mechanisms":[4],"through":[5],"which":[6],"output":[7],"volatility":[8,90],"is":[9,41,91],"related":[10],"to":[11,33],"trade":[12,35,40,86],"openness":[13,87],"using":[14],"an":[15,72],"industry-level":[16],"panel":[17],"dataset":[18],"of":[19,58,67],"manufacturing":[20],"production":[21],"and":[22,88,93],"trade.":[23],"The":[24,61],"main":[25],"results":[26],"are":[27,36,49,52],"threefold.":[28],"First,":[29],"sectors":[30,47],"more":[31,37,50],"open":[32,51],"international":[34],"volatile.":[38],"Second,":[39],"accompanied":[42],"by":[43],"increased":[44],"specialization.":[45],"Third,":[46],"that":[48,65,82],"less":[53],"correlated":[54],"with":[55],"rest":[57],"economy.":[60],"point":[62],"estimates":[63],"indicate":[64],"each":[66],"three":[69],"effects":[70],"has":[71],"appreciable":[73],"impact":[74],"on":[75],"aggregate":[76],"volatility.":[77],"Added":[78],"together":[79],"they":[80],"imply":[81],"relationship":[84],"between":[85],"overall":[89],"positive":[92],"economically":[94],"significant.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}