{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955646541","doi":null,"title":"Looking Past the Images: Art and Film as Propaganda Apparatuses","display_name":"Looking Past the Images: Art and Film as Propaganda Apparatuses","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955646541","mag":"2955646541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irl.umsl.edu:thesis-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196466","display_name":"IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","host_organization_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037616404","display_name":"Alexander Schumm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Schumm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037616404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14092","display_name":"Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art","score":0.3903999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14092","display_name":"Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art","score":0.3903999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.13449999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jacques-ellul","display_name":"Jacques Ellul","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intention","display_name":"intention","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propaganda-art","display_name":"propaganda art","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-propaganda","display_name":"film propaganda","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jason-stanley","display_name":"Jason Stanley","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edward-s-herman","display_name":"Edward S. Herman","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noam-chomsky","display_name":"Noam Chomsky","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accommodation","display_name":"accommodation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authority","display_name":"authority","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-attitudes","display_name":"audience attitudes","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rae-langton","display_name":"Rae Langton","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4010485112667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.38520413637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.37913838028907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.29848718643188477}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:irl.umsl.edu:thesis-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196466","display_name":"IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","host_organization_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2955646541","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=thesis","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1436426823","https://openalex.org/W1484110983","https://openalex.org/W1503143471","https://openalex.org/W1558387730","https://openalex.org/W1576632330","https://openalex.org/W2023278108","https://openalex.org/W2023883826","https://openalex.org/W2046515274","https://openalex.org/W2054676874","https://openalex.org/W2076758314","https://openalex.org/W2475550757","https://openalex.org/W2505456636","https://openalex.org/W2587115397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7010681362","https://openalex.org/W4394880352","https://openalex.org/W2100770350","https://openalex.org/W580070817","https://openalex.org/W2337895841","https://openalex.org/W7014844192","https://openalex.org/W4404711252","https://openalex.org/W3096326635","https://openalex.org/W2996820089","https://openalex.org/W3169778327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,50],"paper":[1,51,196,220],"aims":[2],"to":[3,41,62,67,203,232,257,271,282],"show":[4],"that":[5,53,148],"art":[6,279],"and":[7,15,45,65,165,171,210,229,280,288],"film":[8,281],"can":[9],"operate":[10],"as":[11,99,262,276],"propaganda":[12,22,39,69,95,109,134,142,178,239,242],"in":[13,27,36,79,84,113,128,135,255],"subtle":[14],"unintentional":[16],"ways.":[17],"Jacques":[18,200],"Ellul":[19,201],"called":[20],"such":[21],"\u201csociological":[23,208],"propaganda.\u201d":[24],"Recent":[25],"work":[26,83,225],"philosophy":[28,85],"has":[29],"relied":[30],"on":[31,77,111,123,269],"the":[32,43,124,130,162,182,206,216,224,250,259,290,293],"notion":[33,125],"of":[34,47,108,116,126,133,177,181,215,226,247],"intention":[35,54,78,98,112,127,144],"defining":[37,80,94,129],"how":[38,237],"works":[40,66,243],"affect":[42],"beliefs":[44],"attitudes":[46,254,291],"its":[48,114,166],"recipients.":[49],"argues":[52],"is":[55,187],"not":[56,146],"a":[57,100,153,156,212,234,245,263],"necessary":[58],"condition":[59],"for":[60,88,236],"messages":[61],"be":[63,272,283],"propagandistic":[64],"decouple":[68],"from":[70,143,223],"intention.":[71],"Because":[72],"our":[73],"current":[74],"models":[75],"rely":[76],"propaganda,":[81],"recent":[82],"cannot":[86],"account":[87],"sociological":[89,238],"propaganda.":[90,117],"Ellul\u2019s":[91],"gestures":[92],"toward":[93],"explicitly":[96],"feature":[97],"component.":[101],"Sheryl":[102],"Tuttle":[103],"Ross\u2019s":[104],"\u201cepistemic":[105],"merit":[106],"model\u201d":[107],"relies":[110,122,268],"definition":[115,214],"Similarly,":[118],"Jason":[119],"Stanley":[120],"implicitly":[121],"two":[131],"types":[132],"his":[136],"book":[137],"How":[138],"Propaganda":[139],"Works.":[140],"Decoupling":[141],"does":[145],"mean":[147],"any":[149],"influential":[150],"message":[151],"counts":[152],"propaganda;":[154],"instead,":[155],"systematic":[157,185],"connection":[158,186],"must":[159],"hold":[160],"between":[161],"message\u2019s":[163],"production":[164],"effects.":[167],"Edward":[168],"S.":[169],"Herman":[170],"Noam":[172],"Chomsky\u2019s":[173],"political":[174],"economic":[175],"model":[176],"outlines":[179],"one":[180],"ways":[183],"this":[184,195,219],"instantiated,":[188],"but":[189],"there":[190],"are":[191],"many":[192],"others.":[193],"Additionally,":[194],"explores":[197],"what":[198],"phenomenon":[199],"means":[202],"capture":[204],"by":[205],"term":[207],"propaganda\u201d":[209],"offers":[211],"pointed":[213],"term.":[217],"Finally,":[218],"will":[221],"draw":[222],"Rae":[227],"Langton":[228],"Caroline":[230],"West":[231],"advance":[233],"mechanism":[235],"works.":[240],"Sociological":[241],"through":[244],"process":[246],"accommodation":[248],"whereby":[249],"audience":[251],"adopts":[252],"certain":[253],"order":[256],"understand":[258],"received":[260],"image":[261],"logically":[264],"coherent":[265],"message.":[266],"Accommodation":[267],"authority":[270],"successful.":[273],"As":[274],"long":[275],"they":[277],"take":[278],"authoritative,":[284],"recipients":[285],"risk":[286],"adopting":[287],"reinforcing":[289],"undergirding":[292],"piece.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}