{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955540976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","title":"Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity","display_name":"Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955540976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","mag":"2955540976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451861655.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2005/146/001.2005.issue-146-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2005/146/001.2005.issue-146-en.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068818330","display_name":"Mary Amiti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","GB","SI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Amiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund, K.U. Leuven and the University of Ljubljana for","participants at the London School of Economics,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund, K.U. Leuven and the University of Ljubljana for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890","https://openalex.org/I153976015","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"participants at the London School of Economics,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072803295","display_name":"Jozef Konings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-4674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-4674","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-0939"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","GB","SI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jozef Konings","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund, K.U. Leuven and the University of Ljubljana for","participants at the London School of Economics,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund, K.U. Leuven and the University of Ljubljana for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890","https://openalex.org/I153976015","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"participants at the London School of Economics,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96994755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2005","issue":"146","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-productivity","display_name":"plant productivity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-goods","display_name":"intermediate goods","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-tariffs","display_name":"input tariffs","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-tariffs","display_name":"output tariffs","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-competition","display_name":"import competition","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imported-inputs","display_name":"imported inputs","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-effects","display_name":"learning effects","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-variety","display_name":"product variety","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-manufacturing","display_name":"Indonesian manufacturing","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6722537279129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.5389145016670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.53472900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5168452858924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5121073722839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.41013550758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3239690661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1609676480293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08803859353065491}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451861655.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2005/146/001.2005.issue-146-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451861655.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861655.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2005/146/001.2005.issue-146-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6700000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955540976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955540976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480899479","https://openalex.org/W1485312919","https://openalex.org/W1493048334","https://openalex.org/W1493606280","https://openalex.org/W1499282593","https://openalex.org/W1506731742","https://openalex.org/W1526302393","https://openalex.org/W1526433460","https://openalex.org/W1529140338","https://openalex.org/W1588254138","https://openalex.org/W1588427943","https://openalex.org/W1595097799","https://openalex.org/W1606177214","https://openalex.org/W1883900955","https://openalex.org/W1985803388","https://openalex.org/W2005055194","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2051691619","https://openalex.org/W2082626636","https://openalex.org/W2115561006","https://openalex.org/W2120739669","https://openalex.org/W2138113372","https://openalex.org/W2140235087","https://openalex.org/W2144240247","https://openalex.org/W2144786877","https://openalex.org/W2147954618","https://openalex.org/W2159310158","https://openalex.org/W2168086868","https://openalex.org/W2891950355","https://openalex.org/W2954389888","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3023641402","https://openalex.org/W3023960206","https://openalex.org/W3024342508","https://openalex.org/W3037786365","https://openalex.org/W3122335082","https://openalex.org/W3122721387","https://openalex.org/W3123370820","https://openalex.org/W3123874341","https://openalex.org/W3124636723","https://openalex.org/W3126101155","https://openalex.org/W3148975945","https://openalex.org/W6628877879","https://openalex.org/W6629656997","https://openalex.org/W6639242666","https://openalex.org/W6683431968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519144513","https://openalex.org/W2007203740","https://openalex.org/W7197405490","https://openalex.org/W1549769855","https://openalex.org/W7095280162","https://openalex.org/W2295186541","https://openalex.org/W2404430774","https://openalex.org/W3099440976","https://openalex.org/W2309811043","https://openalex.org/W2181946653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"estimates":[2],"the":[3,81],"effects":[4],"of":[5],"trade":[6],"liberalization":[7],"on":[8,25,32,74],"plant":[9],"productivity.":[10],"In":[11],"contrast":[12],"to":[13,29,68,111],"previous":[14],"studies,":[15],"we":[16],"distinguish":[17],"between":[18],"productivity":[19,40,53,98,115,124],"gains":[20,41,83],"arising":[21],"from":[22,66,85],"lower":[23,30],"tariffs":[24,31,37,96,109],"final":[26],"goods":[27],"relative":[28],"intermediate":[33],"inputs.":[34,76],"Lower":[35],"output":[36,95],"can":[38,51],"produce":[39],"by":[42,99],"inducing":[43],"tougher":[44],"import":[45],"competition":[46],"whereas":[47,103],"cheaper":[48],"imported":[49,75],"inputs":[50],"raise":[52],"via":[54],"learning,":[55],"variety,":[56],"or":[57],"quality":[58],"effects.":[59],"We":[60],"use":[61],"Indonesian":[62],"manufacturing":[63],"census":[64],"data":[65],"1991":[67],"2001,":[69],"which":[70],"includes":[71],"plant-level":[72],"information":[73],"The":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"largest":[82],"arise":[84],"reducing":[86],"input":[87,108],"tariffs.":[88],"A":[89],"10":[90],"percentage":[91],"point":[92],"fall":[93,106],"in":[94,107],"increases":[97],"about":[100],"1":[101],"percent,":[102],"an":[104,121],"equivalent":[105],"leads":[110],"a":[112],"3":[113],"percent":[114,123],"gain":[116,125],"for":[117,126],"all":[118],"firms":[119],"and":[120],"11":[122],"importing":[127],"firms.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}
