{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954967930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","title":"SHIFTING POWER","display_name":"SHIFTING POWER","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954967930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","mag":"2954967930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1742058x18000206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105812952","display_name":"Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race","issn_l":"1742-058X","issn":["1742-058X","1742-0598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066000358","display_name":"Brianna Remster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-9837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-9837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brianna Remster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Criminology, Villanova University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Criminology, Villanova University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044252137","display_name":"Rory A. Kramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-6429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-6429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rory Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Criminology, Villanova University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Criminology, Villanova University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066000358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84050241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"02","first_page":"417","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.04560000076889992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-apportionment","display_name":"legislative apportionment","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-representation","display_name":"equal representation","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-incarceration","display_name":"mass incarceration","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality","display_name":"racial inequality","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-prisoners","display_name":"African American prisoners","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-analysis","display_name":"counterfactual analysis","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistricting","display_name":"redistricting","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pennsylvania","display_name":"Pennsylvania","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778477362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305983","display_name":"Redistricting","level":3,"score":0.9393608570098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778337684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3173700","display_name":"Apportionment","level":2,"score":0.8891686201095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8016024827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7784054279327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779910420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476310","display_name":"Gerrymandering","level":4,"score":0.6151244044303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5697254538536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777978526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459937","display_name":"Mass incarceration","level":3,"score":0.5568144917488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.5202720761299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.5136308073997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4709623456001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4641014337539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.433333158493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43268996477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.39013200998306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.38711342215538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3472590744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.33595842123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2878305912017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2385772168636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.23101937770843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14763689041137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12747779488563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.07524824142456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1742058x18000206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105812952","display_name":"Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race","issn_l":"1742-058X","issn":["1742-058X","1742-0598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598010619","https://openalex.org/W598438016","https://openalex.org/W632995055","https://openalex.org/W1126548482","https://openalex.org/W1517188912","https://openalex.org/W1529745811","https://openalex.org/W1568285852","https://openalex.org/W1579513228","https://openalex.org/W1587171625","https://openalex.org/W1931573442","https://openalex.org/W1964058183","https://openalex.org/W1977334365","https://openalex.org/W1988165148","https://openalex.org/W2004877893","https://openalex.org/W2007190116","https://openalex.org/W2007232963","https://openalex.org/W2019924647","https://openalex.org/W2024210383","https://openalex.org/W2070415297","https://openalex.org/W2076228232","https://openalex.org/W2088253486","https://openalex.org/W2097098436","https://openalex.org/W2106339641","https://openalex.org/W2112978915","https://openalex.org/W2121294544","https://openalex.org/W2123882742","https://openalex.org/W2124160730","https://openalex.org/W2133835313","https://openalex.org/W2140362675","https://openalex.org/W2143538052","https://openalex.org/W2146639463","https://openalex.org/W2154084559","https://openalex.org/W2155291919","https://openalex.org/W2159420876","https://openalex.org/W2163937307","https://openalex.org/W2339740280","https://openalex.org/W2340108346","https://openalex.org/W2796599699","https://openalex.org/W3123658083","https://openalex.org/W3203772539","https://openalex.org/W4285671042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6887667987","https://openalex.org/W6908226900","https://openalex.org/W7052760673","https://openalex.org/W2347156684","https://openalex.org/W1774731719","https://openalex.org/W3215341475","https://openalex.org/W4391890765","https://openalex.org/W1481265307","https://openalex.org/W2252560792","https://openalex.org/W7033454417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"While":[1],"prisoners":[2,71,80],"cannot":[3],"vote,":[4],"they":[5,17],"are":[6,18,81],"counted":[7],"as":[8],"residents":[9],"of":[10,35,54,97,138],"the":[11,27,33,50,95,122,136,146],"often":[12],"rural":[13,113],"legislative":[14,44,116],"districts":[15,75,109,114],"where":[16],"incarcerated":[19],"rather":[20],"than":[21],"their":[22,73],"home":[23,74],"districts.":[24],"We":[25,124],"examine":[26,66],"extent":[28],"to":[29,65,72,90,110],"which":[30],"incarceration":[31,103,140],"shifts":[32,104],"balance":[34],"a":[36,62,132],"representative":[37],"democracy":[38],"by":[39,126],"considering":[40,127],"its":[41],"impact":[42,96],"on":[43,47,135],"apportionment.":[45,117],"Drawing":[46],"data":[48],"from":[49,107],"Census,":[51],"Pennsylvania":[52,57],"Department":[53],"Corrections,":[55],"and":[56,69,112],"Redistricting":[58],"Commission,":[59],"we":[60,85],"develop":[61],"counterfactual":[63,89],"framework":[64],"whether":[67],"removing":[68],"returning":[70],"affects":[76],"equal":[77],"representation.":[78],"Because":[79],"disproportionately":[82],"African":[83],"American,":[84],"also":[86],"employ":[87],"this":[88],"assess":[91],"racial":[92,143],"differences":[93],"in":[94,141,145],"prison":[98],"gerrymandering.":[99],"Findings":[100],"indicate":[101],"that":[102],"political":[105],"power":[106],"urban":[108],"suburban":[111],"through":[115],"Moreover,":[118],"non-White":[119],"communities":[120],"suffer":[121],"most.":[123],"conclude":[125],"how":[128],"our":[129],"findings":[130],"fit":[131],"growing":[133],"literature":[134],"role":[137],"mass":[139],"[re]producing":[142],"inequalities":[144],"contemporary":[147],"United":[148],"States.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}