{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954920877","doi":null,"title":"Optical Character Recognition of Non-flat Small Documents Using Android: A Case Study","display_name":"Optical Character Recognition of Non-flat Small Documents Using Android: A Case Study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954920877","mag":"2954920877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.217.6488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.217.6488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://world-comp.org/p2011/IKE5081.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114034180","display_name":"Leila M Sears","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-9932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-9932"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Sears","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072334764","display_name":"Ray R. Hashemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray R. Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067514872","display_name":"Michael J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-5125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-5125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-5125","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"323","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13674","display_name":"Computer Science and Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"optical character recognition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5627533793449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5603628158569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5521777272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.47553181648254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4703899621963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4375695288181305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3852655589580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37446829676628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3283308744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15150398015975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11401176452636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.217.6488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.217.6488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://world-comp.org/p2011/IKE5081.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2954920877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/compsci-facpubs/246/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2165949425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3098892741","https://openalex.org/W3178903807","https://openalex.org/W7099385413","https://openalex.org/W7213874506","https://openalex.org/W2329203163","https://openalex.org/W2977726786","https://openalex.org/W2624068019","https://openalex.org/W7220503715","https://openalex.org/W2940815045","https://openalex.org/W7100716215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"Character":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(OCR)":[3],"using":[4],"Android":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"received":[8],"a":[9,16,59,70,133],"great":[10],"attention.":[11],"In":[12],"all":[13],"these":[14],"efforts":[15],"flat":[17,134],"document":[18],"is":[19,52],"selected":[20],"for":[21,82],"OCRing":[22,68],"and":[23,94,119],"non-flat":[24,44,60,92],"documents":[25],"are":[26,41,80,113,122],"ignored.":[27],"Labels":[28],"mounted":[29],"on":[30,58,89,95],"cylindrical":[31,71],"surfaces":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"wine":[35],"bottle,":[36],"pill":[37,72],"box,":[38],"cans,":[39],"etc,":[40],"examples":[42],"of":[43,48,69,77,106,125,132],"documents.":[45],"The":[46,85],"goal":[47],"this":[49],"research":[50,121],"effort":[51],"to":[53,101],"perform":[54],"optical":[55],"character":[56],"recognition":[57],"document.":[61,136],"To":[62],"be":[63],"more":[64],"specific,":[65],"we":[66],"investigate":[67],"box":[73],"label.":[74],"Two":[75],"pictures":[76],"the":[78,83,97,107,123],"label":[79],"needed":[81],"OCRing.":[84],"methodology":[86],"was":[87,99],"applied":[88],"30":[90],"synthesized":[91],"labels":[93],"average,":[96],"system":[98],"able":[100],"accurately":[102],"recognize":[103],"92.4":[104],"%":[105],"characters.":[108],"section":[109,116,126],"4.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"discussed":[114],"in":[115],"5.":[117],"Conclusion":[118],"future":[120],"subjects":[124],"6.":[127],"Figure":[128],"1:":[129],"An":[130],"example":[131],"small":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}