{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954376534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","title":"Categorical Encoding of Vowels in Primary Auditory Cortex","display_name":"Categorical Encoding of Vowels in Primary Auditory Cortex","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954376534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","mag":"2954376534","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31241149","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7306170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117898428","display_name":"Cerebral Cortex","issn_l":"1047-3211","issn":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral Cortex","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7306170/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038410609","display_name":"Deborah F. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deborah F Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-2525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067031635","display_name":"Stephen M. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-2565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038410609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"],"apc_list":{"value":5038,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5038},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72397821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"618","last_page":"627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.45829999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.45829999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.4343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.07590000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-perception","display_name":"vowel perception","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-auditory-cortex","display_name":"primary auditory cortex","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-perception","display_name":"categorical perception","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonemic-categories","display_name":"phonemic categories","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonotopic-mapping","display_name":"tonotopic mapping","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heschl-s-gyrus","display_name":"Heschl's gyrus","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-vowels","display_name":"synthetic vowels","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-boundaries","display_name":"categorical boundaries","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception","display_name":"speech perception","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18676","display_name":"Auditory cortex","level":2,"score":0.7568086385726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.7550123929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33640556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2459671","display_name":"Categorical perception","level":4,"score":0.7045918703079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33612138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82654","display_name":"Tonotopy","level":3,"score":0.558398962020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.49761179089546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.49430012702941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48982736468315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4793558716773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21715850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720968","display_name":"Mismatch negativity","level":3,"score":0.46842989325523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777497123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064601","display_name":"Superior temporal gyrus","level":3,"score":0.41820353269577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.41731810569763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3845498263835907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32791268825531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.31791889667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.19055244326591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.17474889755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11402243375778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000161","descriptor_name":"Acoustic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001303","descriptor_name":"Auditory Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004192","descriptor_name":"Discrimination, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117898428","display_name":"Cerebral Cortex","issn_l":"1047-3211","issn":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral Cortex","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31241149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31241149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7306170","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7306170/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cereb Cortex","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7306170","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7306170/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cereb Cortex","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6312862619","display_name":"An Adaptive Semantic Paradigm for Valid and Reliable Language Mapping in Aphasia","funder_award_id":"R21DC016080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887474","display_name":"Neural Correlates of Recovery from Aphasia After Stroke","funder_award_id":"R01DC013270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129041603","https://openalex.org/W656410886","https://openalex.org/W1773398849","https://openalex.org/W1964803687","https://openalex.org/W1965192788","https://openalex.org/W1965248225","https://openalex.org/W1965703402","https://openalex.org/W1969491530","https://openalex.org/W1969682642","https://openalex.org/W1969714402","https://openalex.org/W1971942174","https://openalex.org/W1975938737","https://openalex.org/W1985155411","https://openalex.org/W1985488007","https://openalex.org/W1985969995","https://openalex.org/W1997539762","https://openalex.org/W1999055931","https://openalex.org/W1999885698","https://openalex.org/W2009319803","https://openalex.org/W2010710837","https://openalex.org/W2012803517","https://openalex.org/W2017108196","https://openalex.org/W2019129540","https://openalex.org/W2023904028","https://openalex.org/W2029451240","https://openalex.org/W2031737587","https://openalex.org/W2037513363","https://openalex.org/W2037730460","https://openalex.org/W2037751943","https://openalex.org/W2048520715","https://openalex.org/W2050361817","https://openalex.org/W2056001434","https://openalex.org/W2056133372","https://openalex.org/W2068247585","https://openalex.org/W2072599563","https://openalex.org/W2079207700","https://openalex.org/W2081178224","https://openalex.org/W2085451113","https://openalex.org/W2088738817","https://openalex.org/W2093793583","https://openalex.org/W2096424612","https://openalex.org/W2101135654","https://openalex.org/W2103794698","https://openalex.org/W2105202507","https://openalex.org/W2106344985","https://openalex.org/W2107911922","https://openalex.org/W2111376597","https://openalex.org/W2117140276","https://openalex.org/W2131260034","https://openalex.org/W2135273239","https://openalex.org/W2139548595","https://openalex.org/W2140676414","https://openalex.org/W2143496055","https://openalex.org/W2148345678","https://openalex.org/W2151721316","https://openalex.org/W2154369653","https://openalex.org/W2154649497","https://openalex.org/W2156702776","https://openalex.org/W2158093014","https://openalex.org/W2162247127","https://openalex.org/W2162796810","https://openalex.org/W2162949739","https://openalex.org/W2164949385","https://openalex.org/W2171361544","https://openalex.org/W2197518923","https://openalex.org/W2232973843","https://openalex.org/W2261181726","https://openalex.org/W2404296952","https://openalex.org/W2522016266","https://openalex.org/W2563866812","https://openalex.org/W2620308613","https://openalex.org/W2749207805","https://openalex.org/W2776178130","https://openalex.org/W2805976120","https://openalex.org/W2887933483","https://openalex.org/W2950340712","https://openalex.org/W2952062626","https://openalex.org/W4233382600","https://openalex.org/W4294214781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049167834","https://openalex.org/W2009319803","https://openalex.org/W2062036554","https://openalex.org/W2772165074","https://openalex.org/W2625065818","https://openalex.org/W3095034994","https://openalex.org/W2154649497","https://openalex.org/W2063535062","https://openalex.org/W2805976120","https://openalex.org/W2335268439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"perception":[1],"involves":[2],"mapping":[3],"from":[4],"a":[5,107,133,176],"continuous":[6],"and":[7,39,56,118],"variable":[8],"acoustic":[9,37,103],"speech":[10,27,80],"signal":[11],"to":[12,31,60],"discrete,":[13],"linguistically":[14,197],"meaningful":[15],"units.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,194],"unclear":[20],"where":[21],"in":[22,102,132,148],"the":[23,98,111,119,159],"auditory":[24,65],"processing":[25],"stream":[26],"sound":[28],"representations":[29],"cease":[30],"be":[32],"veridical":[33],"(faithfully":[34],"encoding":[35,191],"precise":[36],"properties)":[38],"become":[40],"categorical":[41,108,160],"(encoding":[42],"sounds":[43,187],"as":[44,69,116,123],"linguistic":[45],"categories).":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"used":[51],"functional":[52],"magnetic":[53],"resonance":[54],"imaging":[55],"multivariate":[57],"pattern":[58],"analysis":[59],"determine":[61],"whether":[62],"tonotopic":[63,70],"primary":[64],"cortex":[66],"(PAC),":[67],"defined":[68],"voxels":[71],"falling":[72],"within":[73,175],"Heschl's":[74],"gyrus,":[75],"represents":[76],"one":[77],"class":[78],"of":[79,86,155,192],"sounds-vowels-veridically":[81],"or":[82],"categorically.":[83],"For":[84],"each":[85],"15":[87],"participants,":[88],"4":[89,127],"individualized":[90],"synthetic":[91],"vowel":[92,171,186],"stimuli":[93],"were":[94,100,129],"generated":[95],"such":[96],"that":[97,147,157,173,181,190],"vowels":[99,114,128,156,193],"equidistant":[101],"space,":[104],"yet":[105],"straddled":[106],"boundary":[109,161],"(with":[110],"first":[112],"2":[113,121],"perceived":[115,122],"[i]":[117],"last":[120],"[i]).":[124],"Each":[125],"participant's":[126],"then":[130],"presented":[131],"block":[134],"design":[135],"with":[136],"an":[137],"irrelevant":[138],"but":[139,189],"attention-demanding":[140],"level":[141],"change":[142],"detection":[143],"task.":[144],"We":[145],"found":[146],"PAC":[149,182],"bilaterally,":[150],"neural":[151,166],"discrimination":[152,167],"between":[153,168],"pairs":[154,172],"crossed":[158],"was":[162],"more":[163],"accurate":[164],"than":[165],"equivalently":[169],"spaced":[170],"fell":[174],"category.":[177],"These":[178],"findings":[179],"suggest":[180],"does":[183],"not":[184],"represent":[185],"veridically,":[188],"shaped":[195],"by":[196],"relevant":[198],"phonemic":[199],"categories.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}
