{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954358694","doi":null,"title":"Economics of Pesticide Use in the Apple producing areas of Kashmir Valley","display_name":"Economics of Pesticide Use in the Apple producing areas of Kashmir Valley","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954358694","mag":"2954358694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2954358694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Economics_of_Pesticide_Use_in_the_Apple_producing_areas_of_Kashmir_Valley_ijariie10578.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764370513","display_name":"International journal of advance research and innovative ideas in education","issn_l":"2395-4396","issn":["2395-4396"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696610","host_organization_name":"IJARIIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696610"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IJARIIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of advance research and innovative ideas in education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068772082","display_name":"Farheen Naqash","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farheen Naqash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079228756","display_name":"Shabir Ahmad Wani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-8416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-8416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.A. Wani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-8416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087963519","display_name":"Shafat A. Mir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-3613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-3613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Mir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-3613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073681292","display_name":"W.M. Wani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.M. Wani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040242906","display_name":"S.H. Baba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-5116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-5116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.H. Baba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-5116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir university of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112520988","display_name":"H. A. Malik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. A. Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["H.A.Malik"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H.A.Malik","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09526414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"68","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.5019999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.5019999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.09889999777078629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.08990000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-use","display_name":"pesticide use","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-cultivation","display_name":"apple cultivation","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kashmir-valley","display_name":"Kashmir Valley","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-knowledge","display_name":"farmer knowledge","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-management","display_name":"pest control","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-expenditure","display_name":"pesticide expenditure","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-distribution","display_name":"pesticide distribution","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-regulation","display_name":"pesticide regulation","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/willingness-to-pay","display_name":"willingness to pay","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spray-schedule","display_name":"spray schedule","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-externalities","display_name":"negative externalities","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.7454325556755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778226232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1380756","display_name":"Pesticide application","level":3,"score":0.5997090339660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.565628170967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5578730702400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5120568871498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4831661581993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4770961403846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.468799889087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123963621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525309","display_name":"Integrated pest management","level":2,"score":0.4386637806892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106848363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118259","display_name":"Pesticide residue","level":3,"score":0.42989209294319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993120057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Crop productivity","level":3,"score":0.42863228917121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3758666515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.35461530089378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3527263402938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3386625647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3326020836830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.22564682364463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20052099227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.1967797875404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15521296858787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10165640711784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2954358694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Economics_of_Pesticide_Use_in_the_Apple_producing_areas_of_Kashmir_Valley_ijariie10578.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764370513","display_name":"International journal of advance research and innovative ideas in education","issn_l":"2395-4396","issn":["2395-4396"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696610","host_organization_name":"IJARIIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696610"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IJARIIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of advance research and innovative ideas in education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2987235824","https://openalex.org/W4412682744","https://openalex.org/W4404287302","https://openalex.org/W4384383334","https://openalex.org/W3039508066","https://openalex.org/W2735225991","https://openalex.org/W4386371659","https://openalex.org/W2978928463","https://openalex.org/W2795532557","https://openalex.org/W3034820193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Study":[1],"on":[2,109,136,266,321],"\u2018\u201dAssessment":[3],"of":[4,18,28,67,129,149,179,185,202,211,220,230,238,250,258,272,292,304,347,368,373,377,403],"farmers\u2019":[5,366],"knowledge":[6,229],"and":[7,45,76,86,117,268,274,290,298,319,328,375,387,405],"awareness":[8,367],"regarding":[9],"pest":[10,231,275],"control":[11],"technologies":[12],"in":[13,24,42,141,161,164,177,189,213,260,283,361],"the":[14,25,29,54,68,77,87,103,110,130,147,154,165,172,180,186,190,209,214,221,236,243,251,261,280,293,309,317,362,407],"apple":[15,305],"growing":[16],"belts":[17],"Kashmir":[19,30,69],"valley\u201d":[20],"was":[21,50,61,90,255,288],"carried":[22],"out":[23,101],"three":[26],"zones":[27],"valley":[31],"during":[32],"2017-18.":[33],"Apple":[34],"being":[35,159],"main":[36],"horticultural":[37],"crop":[38,162,318],"has":[39,99,206,277,392],"predominant":[40],"position":[41],"area,":[43],"production":[44,163],"productivity.":[46],"The":[47,59,97,127,168,200,218,264,302,390],"primary":[48],"data":[49,60,89],"analyzed":[51],"to":[52,102,194,296,325,333,339],"interpret":[53],"results":[55,128,219],"for":[56,105,312,343,355,383,399],"this":[57],"study.":[58],"collected":[62,92],"extensively":[63],"from":[64,73,93,411],"six":[65],"blocks":[66],"Valley,":[70],"two":[71],"each":[72],"North,":[74],"South":[75],"Central":[78],"Zone":[79],"by":[80],"using":[81],"multi-stage":[82],"stratified":[83],"sampling":[84],"technique":[85],"secondary":[88],"also":[91,153],"various":[94],"published/unpublished":[95],"records":[96],"study":[98,131,166,169,222,262,363,391],"pointed":[100],"need":[104],"a":[106,124,352,395],"detailed":[107],"look":[108],"pesticide-use":[111],"pattern,":[112],"distribution":[113],"systems,":[114],"regulatory":[115],"mechanism":[116],"farmers":[118,173,226,245],"perception":[119],"about":[120],"pesticide":[121,150,215,239,273,281,286,369],"use":[122,151,282,287],"at":[123],"micro":[125],"level.":[126],"revealed":[132,307],"that":[133,171,225,253,308,351],"expenditure":[134,265,320],"incurred":[135],"pesticides":[137,157,175,187,294,322,360,374,404],"is":[138,381],"quite":[139],"high":[140,155,297],"apple.":[142,284],"Besides":[143],"that,":[144],"not":[145],"only":[146],"intensity":[148,276],"but":[152],"risk":[156,300],"are":[158,192,331],"used":[160],"area.":[167,263,364],"indicated":[170,224],"apply":[174],"indiscriminately":[176],"violation":[178],"scientific":[181,401],"recommendations.":[182],"About":[183],"one-third":[184],"available":[188],"market":[191,353],"reported":[193],"be":[195,326],"either":[196],"sub-standard":[197],"or":[198,357],"spurious.":[199],"existence":[201],"unlicensed":[203],"dealers/":[204],"traders":[205],"further":[207,223],"accentuated":[208],"magnitude":[210],"malpractices":[212],"delivery":[216],"system.":[217],"had":[227],"limited":[228],"management":[232],"as":[233,235],"well":[234],"consequences":[237],"use.":[240],"Almost":[241],"all":[242],"apple-growing":[244],"(95":[246],"per":[247,341],"cent)":[248],"were":[249,323],"opinion":[252],"there":[254],"heavy":[256],"severity":[257],"disease":[259],"fertilizers":[267],"manures,":[269],"average":[270,335],"price":[271,336],"significantly":[278],"influenced":[279],"High":[285],"observed":[289],"most":[291],"belong":[295],"moderate":[299],"chemicals.":[301],"determinants":[303],"yield":[306],"estimated":[310],"coefficients":[311],"fertilizer":[313],"expenditure,":[314],"area":[315],"under":[316],"found":[324],"positive":[327],"significant.":[329],"Farmers":[330],"willing":[332],"pay":[334],"premium":[337],"up":[338],"15":[340],"cent":[342],"environmentally":[344],"safer":[345,356],"formulations":[346],"pesticides.":[348],"This":[349],"confirms":[350],"exists":[354],"environment":[358],"friendly":[359],"Increasing":[365],"hazards,":[370],"proper":[371],"regulation":[372],"promotion":[376],"spray":[378],"schedule":[379],"adoption":[380],"essential":[382],"reducing":[384,406],"adverse":[385],"economic":[386],"environmental":[388],"implications.":[389],"put":[393],"forth":[394],"few":[396],"policy":[397],"suggestions":[398],"encouraging":[400],"application":[402],"negative":[408],"externalities":[409],"arising":[410],"pesticide-use.":[412]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}
