{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954046861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","title":"Bonded Mining: Difficulty Adjustment by Miner Commitment","display_name":"Bonded Mining: Difficulty Adjustment by Miner Commitment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954046861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","mag":"2954046861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237227979","display_name":"Data Privacy Management, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology"},"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.00302","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024184063","display_name":"George Dean Bissias","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Bissias","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045536693","display_name":"David Thibodeau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282924","display_name":"Florida Department of Corrections","ror":"https://ror.org/00p9rt885","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600940","https://openalex.org/I4405282924"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Thibodeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Department of Corrections, Tallahassee, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Department of Corrections, Tallahassee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976517","display_name":"Brian Neil Levine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-0617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-0617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian N. Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024184063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5144,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83655318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"372","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work","display_name":"proof-of-work","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitcoin-cash","display_name":"Bitcoin Cash","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.8585266470909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7236904501914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6221515536308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5700621008872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5395087599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5300350785255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5234950184822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.42654505372047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.4264428913593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4072650372982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3786199688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.2252429723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13395142555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13393649458885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12726613879203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09560710191726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0704336166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31500-9_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.00302","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.00302","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.00302","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2954046861","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.00302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.00302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.00302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.00302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.00302","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.00302","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.00302","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954046861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954046861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1819513546","https://openalex.org/W2092068344","https://openalex.org/W2281208003","https://openalex.org/W2399579591","https://openalex.org/W2563213633","https://openalex.org/W2728493501","https://openalex.org/W2738891482","https://openalex.org/W2753349537","https://openalex.org/W2754365028","https://openalex.org/W2760369307","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2772287189","https://openalex.org/W2777669612","https://openalex.org/W2799002609","https://openalex.org/W2803579463","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2962793713","https://openalex.org/W2973945032","https://openalex.org/W2997967831","https://openalex.org/W4241319329","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4256642426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7119329536","https://openalex.org/W7213529978","https://openalex.org/W4412067160","https://openalex.org/W4328028526","https://openalex.org/W3076520468","https://openalex.org/W3125604357","https://openalex.org/W7019684876","https://openalex.org/W3208124959","https://openalex.org/W2953607348","https://openalex.org/W4210854536"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}