{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953883560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","title":"Unemployment, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Economic Growth","display_name":"Unemployment, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Economic Growth","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953883560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","mag":"2953883560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451846300.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/1999/043/001.1999.issue-043-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/1999/043/001.1999.issue-043-en.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082020529","display_name":"Bob Rowthorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bob Rowthorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics, Cambridge University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics, Cambridge University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082020529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4004,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97428999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1999","issue":"043","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.4406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.4406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13399","display_name":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","score":0.37299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.11240000277757645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nairu","display_name":"NAIRU","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-unemployment","display_name":"equilibrium unemployment","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-labor-substitution","display_name":"capital-labor substitution","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elasticity-of-substitution","display_name":"elasticity of substitution","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-formation","display_name":"capital formation","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-progress","display_name":"technological progress","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-expansion","display_name":"labor force expansion","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-demand","display_name":"aggregate demand","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keynesian-economics","display_name":"Keynesian economics","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775969135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1533767","display_name":"NAIRU","level":4,"score":0.975253701210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8739574551582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5926792621612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97684219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897261","display_name":"Elasticity of substitution","level":3,"score":0.5556082725524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5111365914344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68286588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384136","display_name":"Full employment","level":3,"score":0.4716058373451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.46714943647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81751973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420062","display_name":"Capital accumulation","level":3,"score":0.4655504822731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.419287770986557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3902568221092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3375798463821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994488168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment rate","level":3,"score":0.24494388699531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.1883397400379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.17139586806297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.11699086427688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451846300.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/1999/043/001.1999.issue-043-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3125224787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/07657-9781451846300/07657-9781451846300/07657-9781451846300_A001.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451846300.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451846300.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/1999/043/001.1999.issue-043-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953883560.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953883560.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560955108","https://openalex.org/W1965561045","https://openalex.org/W1983727765","https://openalex.org/W2037205862","https://openalex.org/W2041048126","https://openalex.org/W2052452281","https://openalex.org/W2067447741","https://openalex.org/W2095683117","https://openalex.org/W2122796077","https://openalex.org/W2140566304","https://openalex.org/W2327738089","https://openalex.org/W2803457329","https://openalex.org/W4206716143","https://openalex.org/W6601657841","https://openalex.org/W7018788191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052452281","https://openalex.org/W1965836685","https://openalex.org/W1986325374","https://openalex.org/W2742253793","https://openalex.org/W1487473491","https://openalex.org/W7097111794","https://openalex.org/W6999175646","https://openalex.org/W4405715186","https://openalex.org/W3124955195","https://openalex.org/W2027126437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,49],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,9,20,40,52,61,72,84,93,105,111],"influence":[4],"of":[5,42,86],"economic":[6],"growth":[7],"on":[8,39],"equilibrium":[10],"unemployment":[11],"rate":[12],"(NAIRU).":[13],"It":[14,68,89],"examines":[15],"how":[16,34,71],"income":[17],"distribution":[18],"and":[19,29,33,46,60],"NAIRU":[21,54,63,107],"are":[22],"influenced":[23],"by":[24],"capital":[25,45,56,94],"formation,":[26],"technical":[27],"progress,":[28],"labor":[30,100],"force":[31],"expansion,":[32],"these":[35],"factors\u2019":[36],"impact":[37],"depends":[38],"elasticity":[41],"substitution":[43],"between":[44,51],"labor.":[47],"The":[48],"distinguishes":[50],"short-run":[53,106],"when":[55,64],"stock":[57,95],"is":[58,66],"exogenous,":[59],"long-run":[62],"it":[65],"endogenous.":[67],"also":[69],"considers":[70],"analysis":[73],"must":[74],"be":[75],"modified":[76],"to":[77],"take":[78],"into":[79],"account":[80],"Keynesian":[81],"ideas":[82],"concerning":[83],"role":[85],"aggregate":[87],"demand.":[88],"concludes":[90],"that":[91],"unless":[92],"grows":[96],"in":[97,102],"line":[98],"with":[99],"supply":[101],"efficiency":[103],"units,":[104],"will":[108],"increase,":[109],"reducing":[110],"scope":[112],"for":[113],"demand":[114],"stimulation.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}
