{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953518152","doi":null,"title":"Thresholding for Population-Level Polygenic Scores to Maximize Predictive Accuracy: iq and Educational Abilities.","display_name":"Thresholding for Population-Level Polygenic Scores to Maximize Predictive Accuracy: iq and Educational Abilities.","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953518152","mag":"2953518152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2953518152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vixra.org/pdf/1907.0090v1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2883122597","display_name":"viXra","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"viXra","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034665616","display_name":"Davide Piffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-0510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-0510"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Piffer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-0510","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034665616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-validity","display_name":"predictive validity","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq-prediction","display_name":"IQ prediction","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele-frequency-differentiation","display_name":"allele frequency differentiation","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-differentiation","display_name":"genetic differentiation","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5975401997566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5969873666763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5558578968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48388680815696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.45285820960998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44036329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253255","display_name":"p-value","level":3,"score":0.42519378662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3531573712825775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32175546884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28440654277801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.24566936492919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2233467996120453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.20518344640731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2953518152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vixra.org/pdf/1907.0090v1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2883122597","display_name":"viXra","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"viXra","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541870500","https://openalex.org/W2623426501","https://openalex.org/W2883573930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584672773","https://openalex.org/W4286815341","https://openalex.org/W4402721213","https://openalex.org/W6945812511","https://openalex.org/W4411056875","https://openalex.org/W6958512296","https://openalex.org/W1997338841","https://openalex.org/W2620280184","https://openalex.org/W4417042546","https://openalex.org/W2584142007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polygenic":[0],"scores":[1,94,195],"(PGS)":[2],"are":[3,180],"being":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,17,27,38,56,59,72,113],"predict":[7],"group-level":[8],"traits":[9],"across":[10],"time":[11],"and":[12,41,54,81,133,140,174,196],"space,":[13],"hence":[14],"proving":[15],"useful":[16],"detect":[18],"recent":[19],"selection.":[20],"The":[21,119],"aim":[22],"of":[23,31,44,51,79,151,158,167,170,183],"this":[24,68,152],"study":[25],"is":[26,70,75,125,147,176,199],"investigate":[28],"the":[29,48,107,128,134,168,171,190],"impact":[30],"different":[32],"p":[33,65,89,100],"value":[34],"thresholds":[35],"on":[36],"signal":[37],"noise":[39,60,191],"ratio":[40,61],"predictive":[42],"validity":[43,80],"polygenic":[45,93,194],"scores,":[46],"using":[47],"largest":[49],"GWAS":[50,109],"educational":[52],"attainment":[53],"cognition":[55],"date.":[57],"Signal":[58],"linearly":[62],"decreases":[63],"with":[64,87,99,122],"value,":[66],"but":[67],"phenomenon":[69],"limited":[71],"Eurasians.":[73],"There":[74],"a":[76,96,181],"linear":[77],"degradation":[78],"population":[82,123],"differentiation":[83],"in":[84,193],"allele":[85],"frequencies":[86],"higher":[88],"values.":[90],"However,":[91],"compounded":[92],"have":[95],"quadratic":[97],"relationship":[98],"value.":[101],"A":[102,161],"thresholding":[103],"at":[104],"or":[105],"below":[106],"conventional":[108],"significance":[110],"(p<5*10-8)":[111],"seems":[112],"maximize":[114],"validity,":[115],"corroborating":[116],"earlier":[117],"results.":[118],"highest":[120],"correlation":[121,172],"IQ":[124],"achieved":[126],"by":[127],"Highest":[129],"Math":[130],"Class":[131],"completed":[132],"EDU":[135],"MTAG":[136],"PGS":[137,184],"(r=":[138],"0.90":[139],"0.89,":[141],"respectively).":[142],"Using":[143],"random":[144],"SNPs,":[145],"it":[146,175],"shown":[148,177],"that":[149,178],"correlations":[150],"magnitude":[153],"occur":[154],"only":[155],"once":[156],"out":[157],"46k":[159],"trials.":[160],"table":[162],"provides":[163],"an":[164,187],"empirical":[165],"estimate":[166],"rarity":[169],"coefficients":[173],"they":[179],"function":[182],"size.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"analogy":[188],"between":[189],"contained":[192],"physical":[197],"instruments":[198],"put":[200],"forward.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2019-07-12T00:00:00"}