{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952617331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.3018","title":"Second Order Swarm Intelligence","display_name":"Second Order Swarm Intelligence","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952617331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.3018","mag":"2952617331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1306.3018","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.3018","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091289832","display_name":"Vitorino Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-2136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-2136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264366","display_name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/01qc02b16","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4405264366"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramos, Vitorino","raw_affiliation_strings":["LaSEEB -Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Eng. Lab. , ISR -Robotic and Systems Insti- tute , Technical University of Lisbon (IST) , Av. Rovisco Pa\u00eds , 1 Torre Norte , 6.21 , 1049-001 Lisbon , PORTUGAL","Technical University of Lisbon - IST#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaSEEB -Evolutionary Systems and Biomedical Eng. Lab. , ISR -Robotic and Systems Insti- tute , Technical University of Lisbon (IST) , Av. Rovisco Pa\u00eds , 1 Torre Norte , 6.21 , 1049-001 Lisbon , PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517","https://openalex.org/I4405264366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Lisbon - IST#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517","https://openalex.org/I4405264366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009932233","display_name":"David Sousa-Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","display_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/014837179","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigues, David M. S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Observatorium -ISCTE-IUL , Lisbon University Institute (IUL) , Av. For\u00e7as Armadas , 1649-026 Lisbon , PORTUGAL","The Open University , Milton Keynes , UNITED KINGDOM","The Open University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Observatorium -ISCTE-IUL , Lisbon University Institute (IUL) , Av. For\u00e7as Armadas , 1649-026 Lisbon , PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Open University , Milton Keynes , UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Open University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056739169","display_name":"Jorge Anacleto Lou\u00e7\u00e3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-5627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-5627"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lou\u00e7\u00e3, Jorge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lisbon University Institute (IUL)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lisbon University Institute (IUL)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-system","display_name":"ant colony system","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"combinatorial optimization","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-salesman-problem","display_name":"traveling salesman problem","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"swarm intelligence","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-and-negative-feedback","display_name":"positive and negative feedback","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coevolution","display_name":"coevolution","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-complete-problems","display_name":"NP-complete problems","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging-behavior","display_name":"foraging behavior","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.8145978450775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.7159521579742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.686735987663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6804472208023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5686405897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5410245060920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.5094447731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4191920757293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3683817386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36172646284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3283340334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.11178240180015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1306.3018","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.3018","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2952617331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1306.3018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.3018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1306.3018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1306.3018","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.3018","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952617331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952617331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68587524","https://openalex.org/W130860110","https://openalex.org/W1554941379","https://openalex.org/W1566652554","https://openalex.org/W1575878834","https://openalex.org/W1587263632","https://openalex.org/W2028597139","https://openalex.org/W2053225543","https://openalex.org/W2076393142","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2118051273","https://openalex.org/W2139935705","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2394797017","https://openalex.org/W2769725448","https://openalex.org/W2785278834","https://openalex.org/W2904250082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978126145","https://openalex.org/W2385027652","https://openalex.org/W2007290909","https://openalex.org/W2103623338","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W7100842595","https://openalex.org/W7099801387","https://openalex.org/W2164267739","https://openalex.org/W2604067944","https://openalex.org/W2035655953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"artificial":[1],"Ant":[2],"Colony":[3],"System":[4],"(ACS)":[5],"algorithm":[6,67,85,132],"to":[7,92,112,120],"solve":[8],"general-purpose":[9],"combinatorial":[10,73],"Optimization":[11,74],"Problems":[12],"(COP)":[13],"that":[14,41,82],"extends":[15],"previous":[16],"AC":[17],"models":[18],"[21]":[19],"by":[20,42,96],"the":[21,83,115,126],"inclusion":[22],"of":[23,47,117],"a":[24,49,110],"negative":[25,56,107],"pheromone,":[26],"is":[27,125,133],"here":[28],"described.":[29],"Several":[30],"Travelling":[31],"Salesman":[32],"Problem":[33],"(TSP)":[34],"were":[35],"used":[36],"as":[37],"benchmark.":[38],"We":[39,80],"show":[40,81],"using":[43],"two":[44],"different":[45],"sets":[46],"pheromones,":[48],"second-order":[50],"co-evolved":[51],"compromise":[52],"between":[53],"positive":[54,63],"and":[55,99,106],"feedbacks":[57],"achieves":[58],"better":[59],"results":[60],"than":[61],"single":[62],"feedback":[64,108],"systems.":[65],"The":[66],"was":[68],"tested":[69],"against":[70,88],"known":[71],"NP-complete":[72],"Problems,":[75],"running":[76],"on":[77],"symmetrical":[78],"TSP's.":[79],"new":[84],"compares":[86],"favourably":[87],"these":[89,136],"benchmarks,":[90],"accordingly":[91],"recent":[93],"biological":[94],"findings":[95],"Robinson":[97],"[26,27],":[98],"Gruter":[100],"[28]":[101],"where":[102],"\"No":[103],"entry\"":[104],"signals":[105],"allows":[109],"colony":[111],"quickly":[113],"reallocate":[114],"majority":[116],"its":[118],"foragers":[119],"superior":[121],"food":[122],"patches.":[123],"This":[124],"first":[127],"time":[128],"an":[129],"extended":[130],"ACS":[131],"implemented":[134],"with":[135],"successful":[137],"characteristics.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}