{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952201050","doi":null,"title":"Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer, part 1: T-cell checkpoint inhibition in advanced or metastatic disease.","display_name":"Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer, part 1: T-cell checkpoint inhibition in advanced or metastatic disease.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952201050","mag":"2952201050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28749907","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7515771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:28749907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28749907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7515771/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066277505","display_name":"Steven S. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1099-590X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1099-590X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven S Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091696839","display_name":"Tanya Barauskas Dorff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-298X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-298X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya B Dorff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077358252","display_name":"Leslie Ballas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-1691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-1691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie K Ballas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075022478","display_name":"Sarmad Sadeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-1991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarmad Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108358381","display_name":"Eila Curlee Skinner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eila C Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031088617","display_name":"David I. Quinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-0417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-0417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117038","display_name":"USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01nmyfr60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800154431","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David I Quinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210117038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13967812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"466","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.29980000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urothelial-carcinoma","display_name":"urothelial carcinoma","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-cancer","display_name":"bladder cancer","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1","display_name":"PD-1","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-l1","display_name":"PD-L1","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atezolizumab","display_name":"atezolizumab","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nivolumab","display_name":"nivolumab","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pembrolizumab","display_name":"pembrolizumab","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer","display_name":"non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncolytic-virotherapy","display_name":"oncolytic virotherapy","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoptive-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"adoptive T cell therapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-drug-conjugates","display_name":"antibody-drug conjugates","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-immunotherapy","display_name":"combination immunotherapy","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastatic-disease","display_name":"metastatic disease","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8904322981834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13896859","display_name":"Pembrolizumab","level":4,"score":0.7737847566604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder cancer","level":3,"score":0.6890839338302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7041828","display_name":"Nivolumab","level":4,"score":0.6655956506729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.6626853942871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775949291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20707748","display_name":"Atezolizumab","level":5,"score":0.5938844084739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5750954151153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82210918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560099","display_name":"Oncolytic virus","level":3,"score":0.5657601356506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.4865916967391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.479868084192276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.42831188440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.39857354760169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3885022699832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36116164922714233}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074322","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077594","descriptor_name":"Nivolumab","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001749","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001749","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001749","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001749","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019459","descriptor_name":"Urothelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019459","descriptor_name":"Urothelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019459","descriptor_name":"Urothelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061026","descriptor_name":"Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061067","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:28749907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28749907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515771","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7515771/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2952201050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28749907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515771","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7515771/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000910363","display_name":"University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG)","funder_award_id":"P30CA014089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827428051","https://openalex.org/W1889335134","https://openalex.org/W1893740135","https://openalex.org/W1914776013","https://openalex.org/W1941332786","https://openalex.org/W1966766953","https://openalex.org/W1975895312","https://openalex.org/W1992350807","https://openalex.org/W1993289360","https://openalex.org/W1997381034","https://openalex.org/W2010121426","https://openalex.org/W2013312714","https://openalex.org/W2014814181","https://openalex.org/W2016983859","https://openalex.org/W2020538202","https://openalex.org/W2023246694","https://openalex.org/W2028117648","https://openalex.org/W2031399619","https://openalex.org/W2038587487","https://openalex.org/W2039687494","https://openalex.org/W2043115278","https://openalex.org/W2054206187","https://openalex.org/W2055228931","https://openalex.org/W2068834940","https://openalex.org/W2070743897","https://openalex.org/W2072029106","https://openalex.org/W2072043666","https://openalex.org/W2096322385","https://openalex.org/W2097995306","https://openalex.org/W2098599594","https://openalex.org/W2102116016","https://openalex.org/W2103257412","https://openalex.org/W2103959341","https://openalex.org/W2107321795","https://openalex.org/W2112069616","https://openalex.org/W2123914905","https://openalex.org/W2124427232","https://openalex.org/W2130473166","https://openalex.org/W2133330931","https://openalex.org/W2134638467","https://openalex.org/W2135701120","https://openalex.org/W2136746908","https://openalex.org/W2139761471","https://openalex.org/W2140875987","https://openalex.org/W2145118120","https://openalex.org/W2148562299","https://openalex.org/W2155464214","https://openalex.org/W2157244703","https://openalex.org/W2163184777","https://openalex.org/W2177405394","https://openalex.org/W2180983567","https://openalex.org/W2201036716","https://openalex.org/W2289712604","https://openalex.org/W2291014203","https://openalex.org/W2292562657","https://openalex.org/W2302699227","https://openalex.org/W2344221521","https://openalex.org/W2344626562","https://openalex.org/W2414977199","https://openalex.org/W2466451466","https://openalex.org/W2530516001","https://openalex.org/W2559804019","https://openalex.org/W2560367415","https://openalex.org/W2570159314","https://openalex.org/W2582671354","https://openalex.org/W2588916311","https://openalex.org/W2597772749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766777870","https://openalex.org/W2612383893","https://openalex.org/W2889892351","https://openalex.org/W2640284788","https://openalex.org/W2623670849","https://openalex.org/W3177291909","https://openalex.org/W2807693780","https://openalex.org/W2580995390","https://openalex.org/W3168087814","https://openalex.org/W3198753155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cancer":[0],"of":[1,22,43,58,79,98,122,160,176,211,233],"the":[2,5,11,56,120,133,158,167,208],"urothelium":[3],"is":[4,15,49],"sixth":[6],"most":[7],"common":[8],"cancer":[9,29,32,38,146,220],"in":[10,18,39,76,87,143,166,179,215,226,239],"United":[12],"States":[13],"and":[14,83,110,136,141,181,201,217,221],"seen":[16,73],"predominantly":[17],"men.":[19],"Most":[20],"cases":[21],"this":[23],"disease":[24],"present":[25],"as":[26,53,62],"non-muscle-invasive":[27],"bladder":[28,85],"(NMIBC),":[30],"with":[31,149,173,236],"recurrence":[33],"or":[34],"progression":[35],"to":[36,129],"muscle-invasive":[37],"more":[40,65],"than":[41,66],"50%":[42],"patients":[44],"after":[45],"initial":[46],"therapy.":[47],"NMIBC":[48],"an":[50],"immune-responsive":[51],"disease,":[52],"indicated":[54],"by":[55,132],"use":[57,159,225,238],"intravesical":[59],"bacillus":[60],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin":[61],"treatment":[63],"for":[64,139],"3":[67],"decades.":[68],"More":[69],"recently,":[70],"immunotherapy":[71],"has":[72,114],"much":[74],"progress":[75],"a":[77,116,231],"variety":[78],"cancers,":[80],"including":[81,185],"advanced":[82,123,144,216],"metastatic":[84,218],"cancer,":[86],"which":[88],"historical":[89],"5-year":[90],"survival":[91],"rates":[92],"are":[93,178],"approximately":[94],"15%.":[95],"The":[96],"advent":[97],"T-cell":[99,197,212],"checkpoint":[100,191,213],"inhibitors,":[101],"especially":[102],"those":[103],"directed":[104,188],"at":[105,189],"programmed":[106],"death":[107],"1":[108,155],"(PD-1)":[109],"its":[111],"ligand":[112],"(PD-L1),":[113],"had":[115,127],"significant":[117],"effect":[118],"on":[119,207],"therapy":[121],"urothelial":[124,145,219,240],"cancer.":[125,241],"This":[126,204],"led":[128],"accelerated":[130],"approval":[131],"US":[134],"Food":[135],"Drug":[137],"Administration":[138],"atezolizumab":[140],"nivolumab":[142],"previously":[147],"treated":[148],"platinum-based":[150],"chemotherapy.":[151],"In":[152],"addition,":[153],"level":[154],"evidence":[156],"supports":[157],"pembrolizumab":[161],"over":[162],"single-agent":[163],"tubulin-directed":[164],"chemotherapy":[165],"same":[168],"setting.":[169],"Several":[170],"other":[171,190],"treatments":[172],"immune-mediating":[174],"mechanisms":[175],"action":[177],"development":[180,210],"hold":[182],"great":[183],"promise,":[184],"monoclonal":[186],"antibodies":[187],"molecules,":[192],"oncolytic":[193],"virus":[194],"therapy,":[195,198],"adoptive":[196],"combination":[199],"immunotherapy,":[200],"antibody-drug":[202],"conjugates.":[203],"review":[205],"focuses":[206],"recent":[209],"inhibitors":[214],"addresses":[222],"their":[223],"potential":[224,237],"combination.":[227],"It":[228],"also":[229],"discusses":[230],"spectrum":[232],"novel":[234],"immunotherapies":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}