{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951444347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","title":"\u2018Factors associated with high and low levels of school exclusions: comparing the English and wider UK experience\u2019","display_name":"\u2018Factors associated with high and low levels of school exclusions: comparing the English and wider UK experience\u2019","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951444347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","mag":"2951444347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200748917","display_name":"Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties","issn_l":"1363-2752","issn":["1363-2752","1741-2692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a37f6605-e4af-4ebb-a31e-d9a94c694aae","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111981678","display_name":"Ted Cole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ted Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant to Department of Education, Oxford University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant to Department of Education, Oxford University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049462562","display_name":"Gillean McCluskey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-4486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-4486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillean McCluskey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068360595","display_name":"Harry Daniels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-0670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-0670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Daniels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-0670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048557631","display_name":"Ian Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-2635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-2635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-2635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042363418","display_name":"Alice Tawell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-5331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-5331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Tawell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111981678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97254507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"374","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13207","display_name":"Youth Substance Use and School Attendance","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12591","display_name":"Inclusive Education and Diversity","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-exclusion","display_name":"school exclusion","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotland","display_name":"Scotland","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-ireland","display_name":"Northern Ireland","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wales","display_name":"Wales","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government-powers","display_name":"local government powers","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-educational-needs","display_name":"special educational needs","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-support-services","display_name":"school support services","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-behavior","display_name":"student behavior","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.6840346455574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.6660879254341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993939581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local authority","level":2,"score":0.653950035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6308352947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5514487028121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5376044511795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780126709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979578","display_name":"National curriculum","level":3,"score":0.5355232954025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55087221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664350","display_name":"Local education authority","level":2,"score":0.5231472253799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5212414860725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46259182691574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.41166651248931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3819923996925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.379115492105484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3094855546951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21097055077552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1872425377368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.12775033712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200748917","display_name":"Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties","issn_l":"1363-2752","issn":["1363-2752","1741-2692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/a37f6605-e4af-4ebb-a31e-d9a94c694aae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a37f6605-e4af-4ebb-a31e-d9a94c694aae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cole, T, McCluskey, G, Daniels, H, Thompson, I & Tawell, A 2019, 'Factors associated with high and low levels of school exclusions : Comparing the English and wider UK experience', Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:a6f88091-75a8-4422-9d23-09096852aaf6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a6f88091-75a8-4422-9d23-09096852aaf6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/a37f6605-e4af-4ebb-a31e-d9a94c694aae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a37f6605-e4af-4ebb-a31e-d9a94c694aae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cole, T, McCluskey, G, Daniels, H, Thompson, I & Tawell, A 2019, 'Factors associated with high and low levels of school exclusions : Comparing the English and wider UK experience', Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1628340","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284545664","https://openalex.org/W423324334","https://openalex.org/W605980543","https://openalex.org/W657042907","https://openalex.org/W1480980385","https://openalex.org/W1485992655","https://openalex.org/W1489237123","https://openalex.org/W1514518847","https://openalex.org/W1517235686","https://openalex.org/W1551685926","https://openalex.org/W1578224823","https://openalex.org/W1598722034","https://openalex.org/W1602000931","https://openalex.org/W1607807110","https://openalex.org/W1925783890","https://openalex.org/W2002652762","https://openalex.org/W2006260059","https://openalex.org/W2055454710","https://openalex.org/W2070029632","https://openalex.org/W2087550248","https://openalex.org/W2223436264","https://openalex.org/W2285029209","https://openalex.org/W2316596660","https://openalex.org/W2493422556","https://openalex.org/W2563374166","https://openalex.org/W2736671122","https://openalex.org/W2788280202","https://openalex.org/W2792182164","https://openalex.org/W2891569688","https://openalex.org/W2904711840","https://openalex.org/W2914880710","https://openalex.org/W2940692624","https://openalex.org/W2948895586","https://openalex.org/W2965863990","https://openalex.org/W3043270374","https://openalex.org/W4252421059","https://openalex.org/W4315748008","https://openalex.org/W6741775051","https://openalex.org/W6988987503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2958065973","https://openalex.org/W7142562538","https://openalex.org/W4403339476","https://openalex.org/W4388127318","https://openalex.org/W4281486342","https://openalex.org/W6894170613","https://openalex.org/W1970130517","https://openalex.org/W3137940493","https://openalex.org/W4412036799","https://openalex.org/W1606126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"draws":[2],"on":[3],"findings":[4],"from":[5,42],"the":[6,14,18,25,95],"first":[7],"cross-national":[8],"study":[9,118],"of":[10,17,97,102],"school":[11,71,87,141],"exclusions":[12,142],"in":[13,30,38,40,47,109,111,119,125,135,147],"four":[15],"jurisdictions":[16,122],"UK.":[19],"It":[20,32],"sketches":[21],"factors":[22],"associated":[23],"with":[24,28],"past":[26],"research":[27],"reductions":[29,110],"exclusions.":[31],"then":[33],"reports":[34],"interview":[35],"data":[36],"gathered":[37,115],"England":[39],"2018":[41],"five":[43],"specialist":[44],"officers":[45,62],"working":[46,55],"two":[48],"Local":[49,103],"Authorities":[50],"and":[51,70,85,92,106,127,130],"a":[52,57,76,132,137],"senior":[53],"officer":[54],"for":[56,116],"national":[58],"voluntary":[59],"organisation.":[60],"The":[61],"describe":[63],"good":[64],"practice":[65,138],"but":[66],"also":[67],"national,":[68],"local":[69],"level":[72],"developments":[73,80],"contributing":[74],"to":[75,94,131],"deteriorating":[77],"situation.":[78],"These":[79],"include":[81],"unhelpful":[82],"government":[83],"guidance":[84],"regulations;":[86],"accountability":[88],"frameworks":[89],"affecting":[90],"curriculum":[91],"leading":[93],"neglect":[96],"Special":[98],"Educational":[99],"Needs;":[100],"loss":[101],"Authority":[104],"powers":[105],"funding":[107],"resulting":[108],"support":[112],"services.":[113],"Data":[114],"this":[117],"other":[120],"UK":[121],"suggests":[123],"that":[124,139],"Scotland":[126],"Northern":[128],"Ireland,":[129],"lesser":[133],"extent":[134],"Wales,":[136],"avoids":[140],"has":[143],"persisted":[144],"more":[145],"than":[146],"England.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}