{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950367992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","title":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950367992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","mag":"2950367992"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059147657","display_name":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059147657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"191","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"reverse engineering","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property-law","display_name":"intellectual property law","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-law","display_name":"patent law","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-term-extension","display_name":"patent term extension","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26922088861465454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.34120/0318-040-004-004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/0318-040-004-004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34120/0318-040-004-004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v40i4.2235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548424500","https://openalex.org/W1579547586","https://openalex.org/W2026484378","https://openalex.org/W2161159763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407887770","https://openalex.org/W4411777457","https://openalex.org/W3005136475","https://openalex.org/W3004722738","https://openalex.org/W7171291787","https://openalex.org/W3140704517","https://openalex.org/W2987099761","https://openalex.org/W4411784883","https://openalex.org/W4293132475","https://openalex.org/W3170397880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u064c\u0639\u062f":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[1,172],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[2,215],"\u0645\u0646":[3,23,30,39,62,70,152,165,213],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629":[5,237],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629":[6,238],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[7,72,261],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[8,118,221],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[9],"\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d":[10],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[11,27,88,101,138,202],"\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[14,219],"\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c":[16],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[17,33],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[18,259],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[20,254],"\u0642\u062f":[21],"\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649":[25],"\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b":[26],"\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646":[29],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646\u061b":[32],"\u0625\u0630\u0627":[34],"\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627":[35],"\u0623\u0646":[36,50,157,216],"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a":[40],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645":[41],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631":[42],"\u0639\u0646\u0647":[43],"\u0645\u062b\u0644":[44],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629":[45,67,145,243],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629":[46],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c":[48],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[49,175],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[51,84,158,217],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a":[52],"\u062a\u064c\u0639\u062f":[53,69],"\u0641\u064a":[54,105,163,176,231,256],"\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627":[55],"\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[56],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629":[58,79,267],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b":[59],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643":[60],"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a":[63],"\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627":[64],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629":[68,146],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a":[71],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629":[75],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[76,147,264],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[77,148,156,195,206,247,265],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a":[78,178],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629":[80],"\u0639\u0646":[81,135,239,273],"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642":[82,136,240],"\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a":[85,107,234],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627":[86],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641":[87],"\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c":[90],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[91],"\u062b\u0645":[92],"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629":[93],"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627":[94],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c":[96],"\u0641\u0647\u064a":[97],"\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628":[98],"\u0641\u0646\u064a":[99,120],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629":[103,159],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629":[104],"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c":[108],"\u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629":[109],"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629":[110],"\u0644\u0627":[111],"\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c":[115],"\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629":[117,218],"\u0628\u0639\u062f":[119],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a":[121],"\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u061b":[122],"\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646":[123],"\u0645\u0627":[124,131],"\u0632\u0627\u0644":[125],"\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0628":[126],"\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627":[127],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c":[129],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[130],"\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[132],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b":[133],"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u060c":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629":[137],"\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644":[139],"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647:":[140],"\u0647\u0644":[141],"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631":[142],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645":[143,241],"\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629":[144,242],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641":[149,266],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[151],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f":[154],"\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627":[155],"\u062a\u0645":[160],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641":[161,173],"\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627":[162],"\u0643\u0644":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[166],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a":[167],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[168],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c":[169],"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621":[170],"\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646":[171],"\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b":[174],"\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629":[177],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[179],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a":[180],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629":[181],"\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631":[182],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629":[183],"\u0623\u0648":[184,187,250],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641":[185],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629":[186],"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c":[188],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628":[189],"\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a":[190],"\u0623\u0645":[191],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b":[192],"\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b":[193],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631":[194],"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a":[196],"\u0648\u0635\u0641":[197],"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629":[198],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c":[199],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[200],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629":[201],"\u062d\u0642":[203,229],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u060c":[204],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629":[205],"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629":[207],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[208],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[209],"\u0635\u0648\u0631":[210],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.":[211],"\u0648\u0648\u0636\u062d":[212],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[214],"\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d":[220],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[222],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[223],"\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c":[224],"\u062c\u0639\u0644":[225],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636":[226],"\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a":[227],"\u0628\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631":[228],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631":[230],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645":[232],"\u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e":[233],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629":[235],"\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[236],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c":[244],"\u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641":[245],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[246],"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c":[248,251],"\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646":[249],"\u062c\u062f\u064a\u060c":[252],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631":[253],"\u064a\u0635\u0628":[255],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629":[257],"\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d":[258],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[260],"\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649":[262],"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b":[263],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629":[268],"\u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644":[269],"\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629":[270],"\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c":[271],"\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b":[272],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[274],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629":[275],"\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644":[276],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}