{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949909282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","title":"Nd:YAG laser surface hardening of AISI 431 stainless steel; mechanical and metallurgical investigation","display_name":"Nd:YAG laser surface hardening of AISI 431 stainless steel; mechanical and metallurgical investigation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949909282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","mag":"2949909282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112574528","display_name":"Optics & Laser Technology","issn_l":"0030-3992","issn":["0030-3992","0374-3926","1878-7371","1879-2545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics & Laser Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010768682","display_name":"Ali Khorram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-2327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-2327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K. N. Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khorram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032420848","display_name":"Akbar Davoodi Jamaloei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akbar Davoodi Jamaloei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material Science and Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059078332","display_name":"Abed Jafari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108235","display_name":"Iran University of Industries and Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/01yz57p78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108235"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abed Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material and Metallurgy Engineering, Iran University of Industries and Mines (IUIM), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material and Metallurgy Engineering, Iran University of Industries and Mines (IUIM), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108235"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035013989","display_name":"Mahmoud Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-4796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-4796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146087","display_name":"Malayer University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rk9sq81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran","Laser Materials Processing Research Center, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Materials Processing Research Center, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010768682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93533235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":null,"first_page":"105617","last_page":"105617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12106","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Residual Stress","score":0.21950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.10260000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-input","display_name":"heat input","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness-distribution","display_name":"microhardness distribution","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martensite","display_name":"martensite","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retained-austenite","display_name":"retained austenite","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-austenite-grain-size","display_name":"prior austenite grain size","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-speed","display_name":"scanning speed","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focal-plane-position","display_name":"focal plane position","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-frequency","display_name":"laser frequency","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-duration","display_name":"pulse duration","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-ferrite","display_name":"delta ferrite","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-affected-zone","display_name":"heat-affected zone","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameter-optimization","display_name":"process parameter optimization","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9139769077301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.7756582498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488950","display_name":"Martensite","level":3,"score":0.6867380142211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44255700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978423","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6280222535133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.5981728434562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5762341022491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.5429162979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.527782142162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5145694613456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3604146","display_name":"Austenitic stainless steel","level":3,"score":0.5023291110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781194970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4704771","display_name":"Martensitic stainless steel","level":4,"score":0.4775991439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.4636844992637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42698342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236003","display_name":"Hardness","level":2,"score":0.42979300022125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.14347821474075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1343175768852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112574528","display_name":"Optics & Laser Technology","issn_l":"0030-3992","issn":["0030-3992","0374-3926","1878-7371","1879-2545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics & Laser Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580585910","https://openalex.org/W940644737","https://openalex.org/W1986027414","https://openalex.org/W1986298085","https://openalex.org/W1988383406","https://openalex.org/W1988525890","https://openalex.org/W1997301911","https://openalex.org/W2007660617","https://openalex.org/W2009377828","https://openalex.org/W2020677521","https://openalex.org/W2023853918","https://openalex.org/W2033564618","https://openalex.org/W2048213083","https://openalex.org/W2058874839","https://openalex.org/W2059674345","https://openalex.org/W2061598926","https://openalex.org/W2074131652","https://openalex.org/W2088309229","https://openalex.org/W2340071446","https://openalex.org/W2345803073","https://openalex.org/W2502213288","https://openalex.org/W2761518856","https://openalex.org/W2807067490","https://openalex.org/W2899189944","https://openalex.org/W6704895238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283205826","https://openalex.org/W2946402212","https://openalex.org/W2976433677","https://openalex.org/W1583849894","https://openalex.org/W2942783321","https://openalex.org/W2803515122","https://openalex.org/W1519926830","https://openalex.org/W2783580945","https://openalex.org/W4313572567","https://openalex.org/W7029696429"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}