{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949484696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","title":"Reducing injection intensity is associated with decreased risk for invasive bacterial infection among high-frequency injection drug users","display_name":"Reducing injection intensity is associated with decreased risk for invasive bacterial infection among high-frequency injection drug users","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949484696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","mag":"2949484696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31208419","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6580632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","pdf_url":"https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150411170","display_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","issn_l":"1477-7517","issn":["1477-7517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090203018","display_name":"Salequl Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-4132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-4132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46080048","display_name":"Jahangirnagar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywb0864","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]}],"countries":["BD","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salequl Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. salequl@juniv.edu","Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. salequl@juniv.edu","Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-4132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. salequl@juniv.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. salequl@juniv.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46080048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073762743","display_name":"Damani A. Piggott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-1193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-1193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damani A. Piggott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011366248","display_name":"Alberto Moriggia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-9405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-9405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Moriggia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA","Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003006739","display_name":"Jacquie\u00a0A. Astemborski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-0922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-0922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacquie Astemborski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013317411","display_name":"Shruti H. Mehta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shruti H. Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012160948","display_name":"David L. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-925X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-925X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068280445","display_name":"Gregory Dale Kirk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-1405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-1405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory D. Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090203018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I46080048"],"apc_list":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"apc_paid":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"fwci":4.205,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94707938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11551","display_name":"Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-drug-use","display_name":"intravenous drug use","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-bacterial-infection","display_name":"invasive bacterial infection","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocarditis","display_name":"endocarditis","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction","display_name":"harm reduction","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8297778964042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5392533540725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5128472447395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5103179812431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4877391755580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017768595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369403","display_name":"Injection drug use","level":4,"score":0.4719352424144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.4664549231529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.4419270157814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780749119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369403","display_name":"Drug injection","level":3,"score":0.3913961946964264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.3060919940471649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.07360899448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073865","descriptor_name":"Cigarette Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001424","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004697","descriptor_name":"Endocarditis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006556","descriptor_name":"Heroin Dependence","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015819","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018410","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040261","descriptor_name":"Harm Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","pdf_url":"https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150411170","display_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","issn_l":"1477-7517","issn":["1477-7517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6580632","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6580632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harm Reduct J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31208419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31208419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harm reduction journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:816f80a971f74b8f9adc09cb50d60731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/816f80a971f74b8f9adc09cb50d60731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Harm Reduction Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","pdf_url":"https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12954-019-0312-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150411170","display_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","issn_l":"1477-7517","issn":["1477-7517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harm Reduction Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1245481008","display_name":"Patient-Oriented Research and Mentorship in HIV and Non-Communicable Diseases","funder_award_id":"K24AI118591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6965241121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90056634","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000856440","display_name":"AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) Study","funder_award_id":"U01DA036297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949484696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949484696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515902352","https://openalex.org/W1552394333","https://openalex.org/W1886597205","https://openalex.org/W1966711450","https://openalex.org/W1968471184","https://openalex.org/W1977690862","https://openalex.org/W2003815730","https://openalex.org/W2022930723","https://openalex.org/W2057599352","https://openalex.org/W2058563257","https://openalex.org/W2068027789","https://openalex.org/W2068816858","https://openalex.org/W2074963908","https://openalex.org/W2114473223","https://openalex.org/W2138760615","https://openalex.org/W2138883014","https://openalex.org/W2139806006","https://openalex.org/W2141661484","https://openalex.org/W2153415818","https://openalex.org/W2330700047","https://openalex.org/W2339693033","https://openalex.org/W2416976221","https://openalex.org/W2513312192","https://openalex.org/W2558770969","https://openalex.org/W2559671558","https://openalex.org/W2560787960","https://openalex.org/W2607130216","https://openalex.org/W2608446001","https://openalex.org/W2743330666","https://openalex.org/W2754268575","https://openalex.org/W2804300976","https://openalex.org/W4249026499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6958511399","https://openalex.org/W6958544980","https://openalex.org/W6902417276","https://openalex.org/W2008350619","https://openalex.org/W2170385411","https://openalex.org/W7172267867","https://openalex.org/W4306734844","https://openalex.org/W7038801567","https://openalex.org/W1974066271","https://openalex.org/W4389132655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Bacterial":[1],"infection":[2,43,101,165,198,234],"is":[3,28],"a":[4,160,177,194,208,255],"major":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,36,146,163,197,241],"morbidity":[8],"and":[9,56,140,152,176,207,223],"mortality":[10],"for":[11,51,98,150,260],"persons":[12,66],"who":[13],"inject":[14],"drugs":[15],"(PWID).":[16],"Injection":[17],"cessation":[18,27,55,111,135,156,222],"may":[19,253],"help":[20],"abrogate":[21],"such":[22],"infections,":[23],"but":[24],"maintaining":[25],"complete":[26,109,133,221],"challenging.":[29],"Limited":[30],"data":[31],"exists":[32],"on":[33,40],"the":[34,60,68,72],"role":[35],"reduced":[37,113,141,224],"injection":[38,61,80,110,114,134,142,155,189,225,244],"intensity":[39,115,143,190,252],"invasive":[41,99,232],"bacterial":[42,52,100,164,233],"risk.":[44],"We":[45],"sought":[46],"to":[47,71,95,117],"evaluate":[48],"decreased":[49],"risk":[50,97,235],"infections":[53],"following":[54],"substantive":[57],"reduction":[58,162,179,196,210,258],"in":[59,67,230,249,264],"intensity.":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"Participants":[64],"were":[65],"AIDS":[69],"Linked":[70],"Intravenous":[73],"Experience":[74],"(ALIVE)":[75],"cohort":[76],"with":[77,89,119,128,159,193],"initial":[78],"high-frequency":[79,121],"drug":[81,250],"use":[82,251],"(>":[83],"1":[84],"daily).":[85],"Pooled":[86],"logistic":[87],"regression":[88],"generalized":[90],"estimating":[91],"equations":[92],"was":[93,136,157,191],"used":[94],"estimate":[96],"(pneumonia,":[102],"endocarditis,":[103],"or":[104,112],"sepsis)":[105],"among":[106,236],"participants":[107,127],"achieving":[108],"relative":[116],"those":[118],"sustained":[120,247],"use.":[122],"RESULTS:":[123],"Of":[124],"2247":[125],"study":[126,131,147],"12,469":[129],"paired":[130],"visits,":[132],"achieved":[137],"at":[138,144,166,180,199,211],"13.5%":[139],"25.5%":[145],"visits.":[148],"Adjusting":[149],"sociodemographics":[151],"HIV":[153],"status,":[154],"associated":[158,192],"54%":[161],"3":[167,200],"months":[168,182,201,213],"(odds":[169],"ratio":[170],"[OR]":[171],"0.46,":[172],"95%":[173,185,204,216],"CI":[174,186,205,217],"0.25-0.84)":[175],"46%":[178],"6":[181,212],"(OR":[183,202,214],"0.54,":[184],"0.36-0.81).":[187],"Reduced":[188],"36%":[195],"0.64,":[203],"0.43-0.96)":[206],"26%":[209],"0.74,":[215],"0.56-0.98).":[218],"CONCLUSIONS:":[219],"Both":[220],"frequency":[226],"demonstrate":[227],"substantial":[228],"benefit":[229],"reducing":[231],"PWID.":[237],"With":[238],"high":[239],"rates":[240],"relapse":[242],"into":[243],"use,":[245],"targeting":[246],"reductions":[248],"be":[254],"key":[256],"harm":[257],"modality":[259],"improving":[261],"clinical":[262],"outcomes":[263],"this":[265],"population.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}